Although mutations in several genes with diverse functions have been known to cause amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), it is unknown to what extent causal mutations impinge on common pathways that drive motor neuron (MN)-specific neurodegeneration. In this study, we combined induced pluripotent stem cells-based disease modeling with genome engineering and deep RNA sequencing to identify pathw...

In phytoremediation processes implemented in highly contaminated areas, there is a high risk of contaminant toxicity during the germination freshly sown plants. such conditions, it recommended to support by using neutralizing additives. The present study aimed at assessing effect addition mineral neutralizers (MNs), i.e., limestone, clay, and zeolite, soil with copper (0, 200, 400, 600 mg kg−1)...

Small-angle neutron scattering (SANS) and neutron powder diffraction (ND) techniques were used to study quantitatively the effect of nano-sized precipitates and boron addition on the mechanical properties of low-carbon steels. SANS was used to evaluate nano-sized precipitates, smaller than about 600 A in diameter, and ND was used to determine the weight fraction of the cementite precipitates. F...

Motor pools comprise a heterogeneous population of motor neurons that innervate distinct intramuscular targets. While the organization of motor neurons into motor pools has been well described, the time course and mechanism of motor pool diversification into functionally distinct classes remains unclear. γ-Motor neurons (γ-MNs) and α-motor neurons (α-MNs) differ in size, molecular identity, syn...

Manganese(II) sulfide (MnS) is an interesting material for both fundamental and applicative research, especially when its bulk properties are modulated by reducing the size into the nanometric region (< 100 nm). Due to its polymorphism, MnS is an attractive material to develop synthetic strategies for polymorphism control. We have reviewed the literature concerning MnS nanosystems having at lea...

A variety of neurons generated during embryonic development survive or undergo programmed cell death (PCD) at later developmental stages. Survival or death of developing neurons is generally considered to depend on trophic support from various target tissues. The small GTPase Rho regulates diverse cellular processes such as cell morphology, cell adhesion, cell motility, and apoptosis. Rho-depen...

1. The activity of both accessory abducens (Acc Abd) and abducens (Abd) motoneurons (Mns) was recorded in the alert cat during eye retraction and rotational eye movements. Cats were fitted with two scleral coils, one measured rotational eye movements directly and the other retraction by distinguishing the translational component. 2. Acc Abd and Abd Mns were identified following antidromic activ...

Abstract Hierarchical Mobile Internet Protocol version 6 (HMIPv6) has been proposed by the Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF) as an enhancement of the MIPv6. It is designed to reduce the amount of required signaling and to speed up the hand-off operation for mobile connection by means of hierarchical routing. In the HMIPv6, a router called the Mobile Anchor Point (MAP) serves mobile nodes (...

We have previously shown that chronic treatment of chick embryos [from embryonic day 5 (E5) to E9] with NMDA rescues spinal cord motoneurons (MNs) from programmed cell death. In this situation, MNs exhibit a reduced vulnerability to acute excitotoxic lesions and downregulate NMDA and AMPA-kainate receptors. Here, we report that this treatment results in long-lasting sublethal structural changes...