The effect of hydrostatic pressure on the waveguiding properties of high birefringence photonic crystal fibers (HiBi PCF) is evaluated both numerically and experimentally. A fiber design presenting form birefringence induced by two enlarged holes in the innermost ring defining the fiber core is investigated. Numerical results show that modal sensitivity to the applied pressure depends on the di...

In this article, the applicability of mode-adaptive bidirectional pushover analysis (MABPA) to base-isolated irregular buildings was evaluated. The point updated MABPA is that peaks first and second modal responses are predicted considering energy balance during a half cycle structural response. numerical examples, main building former Uto City Hall, which severely damaged in 2016 Kumamoto eart...

Seismic resiliency of new buildings has improved over the years due to enhancements in seismic codes and design practices. However, existing buildings designed and built under earlier codes are vulnerable and require a performance-based screening and retrofit prioritization. The performance modifiers considered are soft story, weak story, and the quality of construction, which are collated thro...

We experimentally characterized a birefringent side-hole microstructured fiber in the visible wavelength region. The spectral dependence of the group and phase modal birefringence was measured using the methods of spectral interferometry. The phase modal birefringence of the investigated fiber increases with wavelength, but its positive sign is opposite to the sign of the group modal birefringe...

Performance based seismic design (PBSD) is an alternative to code based approaches to design or evaluation of structures that fail to yield a more direct relationship between a seismic event and the corresponding structural performance of a building; this generally leads to over-conservatism. This paper presents a case study on the alternative procedures used in the performance based design of ...

The direct modeling of masonry infill walls on many buildings, based damage recorded by various past earthquakes, has become increasingly necessary in order to identify the seismic behavior these elements, which constitute an important part reinforced concrete buildings. In this paper, several 3D models were analyzed nonlinear static (pushover) method, when ignoring, and considering, walls. fin...

the ambient vibration measurement is a kind of output data-only dynamic testing where the traffics and winds are used as agents responsible for natural or environmental excitation. therefore an experimental modal analysis procedure for ambient vibration testing needs to base itself on output-only data. the modal analysis involving output-only measurements present a challenge that requires the u...

In most of the designs of rigid structural frames, the analysis is carried out by assuming fixity at base, which means that the building is idealized to rest on hard rock. This paper discusses the importance of considering the effect of soil stiffness on the seismic performance of rigid structural frame system resting on it. Flexibility of soil causes lengthening of lateral natural period of th...