urinary tract infection is a common pediatric problem and vesicoureteral reflux is its most common complication. detection of this reflux has classically been achieved by voiding cystouretrography (vcug). ultrasonography for evaluation of vesicoureteral reflux is shown to be feasible but is not widely accepted. our aim was to assess the value of routine sonography in detecting vesicoureteral re...

C ommon clinical practice has been that all children who present with a urinary tract infection (UTI) must be evaluated for vesicoureteral reflux with a voiding cystourethrogram (VCUG). The etiological association between reflux and infection was assumed since up to 40% of children with infection are found to have reflux. Evidence from the 1960s appeared to demonstrate that the diagnosis and tr...

Effective parameters that can effect on the performance of the separation system consist of operating pressure, operating temperature, reflux ratio, and kind of produce desirable products and different sequences of splits. As take a separation system with optimal performance is dependent on optimization of above mentioned effective parameters. In generally, there are two criteria (as object fun...

Background: Vesicoureteral reflux (urinary reflux) is one of the most common congenital anomalies in children. This study aimed to compare the ureteral opening distance from the midline in children with vesicoureteral reflux (VUR) and healthy children Methods: This cross-sectional study was performed on the children with pyelonephritis who were referred to Afzalipour Hospital in Kerman, Iran f...

Various operative techniques have been used for esophageal achalasia, but a definitive technique has not been established yet. During 1958-1994, 117 patients with esophageal achalasia were treated at our clinic. The techniques of Heller and Wendel or the modified Girard method have been successfully performed on 83 cases without any postoperative accidents. In 72 (87%) of these cases, the opera...

OBJECTIVES To evaluate the prognostic value of initial direct radionuclide cystography (DRC) for spontaneous resolution of vesicoureteral reflux (VUR). METHODS Fifty-one children with initial diagnosis and 1-6 years' follow-up of VUR by DRC were enrolled in this study. VUR was graded according to the anatomic grading as (1) mild reflux corresponding to tracer just in ureter, (2) moderate refl...

BACKGROUND/PURPOSE Classically, the refluxing distal ureteral stump has been removed during the nephrectomy by the means of an incision on the flank and lower abdominal wall. There are little data in the literature about the natural history of these stumps. In the current work the authors evaluated possible complications affecting the ureteral stump after total or partial nephrectomy for vesico...

A lthough there can clearly be an argument regarding the threshold at which it becomes a disease, gastro-oesophageal reflux disease (GORD) is ultimately the result of excessive gastro-oesophageal reflux and the associated consequences of that. It then seems rather straightforward that therapeutic interventions should seek to reduce or eliminate gastrooesophageal reflux. The paradox is that the ...

BACKGROUND Reflux esophagitis is inversely associated with the presence of atrophic gastritis, and endoscopic grading of atrophic gastritis correlates with histological evaluation. The aim of this study was to investigate the association of the endoscopic grade of atrophic gastritis with gastroesophageal and gastropharyngeal reflux. METHODS A total of 627 patients, who underwent endoscopy and...