Joubert syndrome (JS) is an autosomal recessive inherited disorder characterized by hypotonia, cerebellar vermis hypoplasia, ocular abnormalities (e.g, pigmentary retinopathy, oculomotor apraxia and nystagmus), renal cysts and hepatic fibrosis. Respiratory abnormalities, as apnea and hyperpnea, may be present, as well as mental retardation. At least seven JS loci have been determined and five g...

Joubert syndrome (JS) is a rare genetic disorder that affects the cerebellum, controlling balance, and coordination, and it usually presents a molar tooth sign on magnetic resonance imaging. It is characterized by ataxia, an abnormal breathing pattern referred to as hyperpnea, sleep apnea, hypotonia, and abnormal eye and tongue movements. Because of sensitivity to respiratory depressant agents,...

Joubert syndrome is a rare autosomal recessive disorder that may have different clinical presentation such as ataxia, hyperpnea, sleep apnea, nystagmus, hypotonia, seizure and retinitis pigmentosa. We present a 22-year-old girl and her older sibling, labeled as cerebral palsy. She had renal transplant years ago without the true diagnosis of the disorder. Brain imaging revealed the classic "mola...

Intentional tooth reimplantation can be an alternative treatment option for teeth with poor or hopeless prognosis where coronal and surgical endodontic treatment(s) are not possible. This technique may help to restore a natural tooth to function in preference to prosthesis/implant replacements. A 38-years old male was referred to private practice with persistent chronic apical periodontitis of ...

Bmp4 is a downstream gene of Msx1 in early mouse tooth development. In this study, we introduced the Msx1-Bmp4 transgenic allele to the Msx1 mutants in which tooth development is arrested at the bud stage in an effort of rescuing Msx1 mutant tooth phenotype in vivo. Ectopic expression of a Bmp4 transgene driven by the mouse Msx1promoter in the dental mesenchyme restored the expression of Lef-1 ...

Introduction: Treatments with dental surgery seek to displace tooth to the correct position within the dental arch. Objective: To report a clinical case that took advantage of an unerupted third molar. Case history: A male patient, 18 years of age, was referred by his dentist to evaluate the third molars. The clinical exam revealed no visible lower third molars. The computed tomography (CT...

Impacted mandibular third molar tooth has the potential to induce periodontal problems in the distal root of second molar tooth. Platelet-rich plasma (PRP) is an autologous biomaterial which has been used to enhance soft and hard tissue regeneration. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effectiveness of PRP in management of periodontal pocket at the distal root of mandibular second ...

fusion is a rare occurrence in molar teeth. the purpose of this rare case presentation is to describe the nonsurgical endodontic treatment of maxillary molar. a 28-year-old patient was referred for endodontic treatment of her chronic apical abscess of right maxillary second molar. in the clinical examination, a sinus tract adjacent to involved tooth and a small crown of supernumerary tooth fuse...

Fusion is a rare occurrence in molar teeth. The purpose of this rare case presentation is to describe the nonsurgical endodontic treatment of maxillary molar. A 28-year-old patient was referred for endodontic treatment of her chronic apical abscess of right maxillary second molar. In the clinical examination, a sinus tract adjacent to involved tooth and a small crown of supernumerary tooth fuse...

ackground and aim: it is important to evaluate the effect of the type of filling material on deformation and strength of tooth after filling and also the effect of filling depth on quality of restoration of a decayed tooth. material and methods: the orthopantomogram (opg) of the first and second molars of a 28-year-old man was made and the teeth were 3d modeled. the stress-deformation analysis ...