We analyze how insurance arrangements, labor supply, moral hazard and outright cheating are affected by social norms. One question is under what conditions norms may improve social welfare. Another is under what conditions people should be allowed to opt out of social insurance. We introduce an informal production sector to analyze the consequences of alternative assumptions about the informati...

Collective action and protest have become a normalized political behavior that in many cases defines the political agenda. The reasons why people take to the streets constitute a central subject within the study of social psychology. In the literature, three precedents of protest that have been established as central to the study of this phenomenon are: injustice, efficacy, and identity. But po...

T AIM of this essay is to clarify the models of moral thinking and doing called teleology and deontology, to gain understanding of utilitarianism as a subcategory of the former, and to explore the relation both to utilitarianism and to teleology in general of certain Christian "consequentialist" modes of moral argument. This purpose arises out of a general and considerable unclarity in recent e...

Evolution has since the publication of The origin of species (1859) been a source of inspiration, and a bone of contention, not only for biology but also for philosophy and the sciences of man. The moral consequences of Darwinism have been a concern for ethicists since Herbert Spencer elevated the survival of the fittest to a norm underwriting cultural and societal progress—hard for the individ...

There is broad consensus that features such as causality, mental states, and preventability are key inputs to moral judgments of blame. What is not clear is exactly how people process these inputs to arrive at such judgments. Three studies provide evidence that early judgments of whether or not a norm violation is intentional direct information processing along 1 of 2 tracks: if the violation i...

I believe that most philosophers agree that ethics has no absolute standard. There is no ultimate appeal or norm beside which a system or detail of ethics can be compared, and therefore we must begin the moral consideration of this subject, abortion, as of all other problems of morality, by remembering that what is rightness or wrongness is the result of the public opinion of the race, epoch, a...

This paper proposes distinctions between guilt and two forms of shame: guilt arises from a violated norm and is characterised by a focus on specific behaviour; shame can be characterised by a threatened social image (Image Shame) or a threatened moral essence (Moral Shame). Applying this analysis to group-based emotions, three correlational studies are reported, set in the context of atrocities...

This article proposes distinctions between guilt and two forms of shame: Guilt arises from a violated norm and is characterized by a focus on specific behavior; shame can be characterized by a threatened social image (Image Shame) or a threatened moral essence (Moral Shame). Applying this analysis to group-based emotions, three correlational studies are reported, set in the context of atrocitie...

in this paper,~some results on finite dimensional generating spaces of quasi-norm family are established.~the idea of equivalent quasi-norm families is introduced.~riesz lemma is established in this space.~finally,~we re-define b-s fuzzy norm and prove that it induces a generating space of quasi-norm family.

Abstract In this paper I provide a forward-looking account of the difference between responsibility children and adults. do so by means criticizing agency-cultivation accounts responsibility. According to these accounts, justification for holding person norm is cultivation their moral agency, are, just like adults, considered responsible extent that they can have agency cultivated in manner. Li...