We investigate the black string in the context of the string theories. It is shown that the graviton is the only propagating mode in the (2+1)– dimensional extremal black string background. Both the dilation and axion turn out to be non-propagating modes.

A word formation pattern in which use is made of a particular affix can thus be conceived of as a morphological construction in which it is only the affix that is specified whereas the slot for the stem is variable. That is, each affixation pattern is a constructional idiom (in the sense of Jackendoff, 2002). Such affixation templates give direct expression to the fact that affixes are not lexi...

the redeye effect is typically formed in consumer photos taken with a built-in camera flash. The paper presents a new algorithm of the automatic removal of redeye from digital photos. The proposed algorithm can remove red-eye automatically without manual intervention. First, Detecting faces by using the AdaBoost algorithm. Second, the red-eyes are located by using operations of segmentation, mo...

It is nearly 30 years since the first decisive evidence of microbial morphologies in carbonaceous chondrites was discovered and reported by Hans Dieter Pflug. In addition to morphology, other data, notably laser mass spectroscopy, served to confirm the identification of such structures as putative bacterial fossils. Recent examinations of cometary dust collected in the stratosphere and further ...

1. Introduction It has long been observed that the phonology of a language is not completely uniform. In addition to well-studied free variation in pronunciation of certain words or word classes, phonological patterns can vary by register, morphological category (e.g., noun vs. verb), lexical stratum (native vs. foreign), morphological class (stem vs. affix, reduplicant vs. base), and so forth....

Although mathematical morphology and formal concept analysis are two lattice-based data analysis theories, they are still developed in two disconnected research communities. The aim of this paper is to contribute to fill this gap, beyond the classical relationship between the Galois connections defined by the derivation operators and the adjunctions underlying the algebraic mathematical morphol...

In quadruped animals, spinal movements contribute to locomotion in terms of controlling body posture and integrating limb and trunk actions. In this paper, we develop quadruped models with different numbers of spinal joints to demonstrate the spine-driven locomotion. Actuated spinal joint(s) are exclusively employed to these models with a minimalistic control strategy. We choose some typical in...

In response to Panagiotidis’ objections (Panagiotidis, 2005) to Barner and Bale (2002), we review the questions of overgeneration and predictability of meaning with regards to narrow syntactic explanations of noun-verb innovation (and specifically the case of non-lexicalist theories of grammar). Regarding overgeneration, it is argued that syntactic proposals, whether lexicalist or non-lexicalis...

Spatial relations play an important role in recognition of structures embedded in a complex environment and for reasoning under imprecision. Several types of relationships can be modeled in a unified way using fuzzy mathematical morphology. Their combination benefits from the powerful framework of fuzzy set theory for fusion tasks and decision making. This paper presents several methods of fusi...

This chapter reviews the literature concerning the key aspects of CL. It opens with a review of relevant learning theories and the conceptual framework on which this study is based so that the foundations of CL can be understood. More importantly, this chapter differentiates some of the confusing concepts such as collaboration, cooperation, and group work and discusses how they have been resear...