Many cellular processes are driven by cytoskeletal assemblies. It remains unclear how cytoskeletal filaments and motor proteins organize into cellular scale structures and how molecular properties of cytoskeletal components affect the large scale behaviors of these systems. Here we inves5 tigate the self-organization of stabilized microtubules in Xenopus oocyte extracts and find that they can f...

Cytoplasmic dynein-1 is a minus-end-directed motor protein that transports cargo over long distances and organizes the intracellular microtubule (MT) network. How dynein motor activity is harnessed for these diverse functions remains unknown. Here, we have uncovered a mechanism for how processive dynein-dynactin complexes drive MT-MT sliding, reorganization, and focusing, activities required fo...

fundamental motor skills are key components of motor development and are divided into two main sub groups including fine and gross motor skills. the main purpose of the present study was to determine the effect of balance training with swiss ball (btwsb) on gross motor skill of children with attention deficit – hyperactivity disorder. participants of the present study were three 6 to 8 years ol...

abstract background and purpose: aging is associated with brain changes and reduction in motor skill acquisi­tion that can limit its functional capacity. one of the effective interventions is using transcranial direct current stimulation (tdcs). the aim of this systematic review was to assess the effect of tdcs on learning and motor skill in healthy older adults. materials and methods: a litera...

the term autistic refers to the individuals who have a set of development disorders relevant to the central nervous system. these children are known to have deficiency in social interaction, language and communication. the aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between motor development and social development of 6-10-year-old autistic children of mashhad city. the statistical sam...

Head injury is one of the most important types of injury and is responsible for most of the deaths due to trauma. Low-income and middle-income countries face with more risk factors, but they still lack adequate health-care capacity to deal with complications. Trauma literally means the damage and injury, and head injury was defined as physical damage to the brain or skull caused by external for...

The cholinergic basal forebrain projects throughout the neocortex, exerting a critical role in modulating plasticity associated with normal learning. Cholinergic modulation of cortical plasticity could arise from 3 distinct mechanisms by 1) "direct" modulation via cholinergic inputs to regions undergoing plasticity, 2) "indirect" modulation via cholinergic projections to anterior, prefrontal at...

it has been shown that the immunophilin ligands have the special advantage in spinal cord repair. in this study, the effects of cyclosporine a (csa) on functional recovery and histological outcome were evaluated following spinal cord injury in rats. after spinal cord hemisection in thirty six adult female sprague-dawley rats (200- 250 g), treatment groups received csa (2.5 mg/kg i.p.) at 15min ...

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Patient-reported outcome measures have been found useful in many disciplines but have received limited evaluation after stroke. The current study investigated the relationship that patient-reported measures have with standard impairment and disability scales after stroke. METHODS Patients with motor deficits after stroke were scored on standard assessments including the...

Motor units within human muscles usually exhibit a significant degree of short-term synchronization. Such coincident spiking typically has been attributed to last-order projections that provide common synaptic input across motor neurons. The extent of branched input arising directly from cortical neurons has often been suggested as a critical factor determining the magnitude of short-term synch...