The aim of this study is to investigate the role of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) in apoptosis and autophagy of mouse osteoblast MC3T3-E1 cells, as well as the crosstalk between autophagy and apoptosis. Mouse osteoblast MC3T3-E1 cells were cultured in vitro and treated with 5-fluorouracil (5-FU), rapamycin, 3-methyl adenine (3-MA) and TNF-α either alone or in combination, respectively. MTT as...

To evaluate the importance of the proinflammatory cytokines TNF and lymphotoxin-alpha (LT alpha) in an experimental model of Staphylococcus aureus sepsis and arthritis, we used TNF/LT alpha-double-deficient mice raised on the C57BL/6 background. Mice were i.v. inoculated with a toxic shock syndrome toxin-1 (TSST-1)-producing S. aureus strain, LS-1. Intravenous inoculation of a high dose of bact...

ADAM proteases, defined by extracellular disintegrin and metalloprotease domains, are involved in protein processing and cell-cell interactions. Using wobbler (WR) mutant mice, we investigated the role of ADAMs in neurodegeneration and reactive glia activation in the CNS. We found that ADAM8 (CD 156), a suspected leukocyte adhesion molecule, is expressed in the CNS and highly induced in affecte...

Recombinant mouse interleukin 10 (IL-10) was exceedingly potent at suppressing the ability of mouse peritoneal macrophages (m phi) to release tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha). The IC50 of IL-10 for the suppression of TNF-alpha release induced by 0.5 microgram/ml lipopolysaccharide was 0.04 +/- 0.03 U/ml, with as little as 1 U/ml suppressing TNF-alpha production by a factor of 21.4 +/- 2....

RAW264.7 (ATCC TIB-71) cell line, Shigella sonnei (S. sonnei; ATCC 29930), Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus; ATCC 25923), and Listeria monocytogenes (L. monocytogenes; ATCC 19117) were purchased from America Type Culture Collection (ATCC; Manassas, VA). Fetal bovine serum (FBS) and Dulbecco’s modified Eagle’s medium (DMEM) with high glucose were obtained from Thermo Fisher Scientific (South Log...

Cytosolic phospholipase A(2) (cPLA(2)) releases arachidonic acid (AA) from intracellular phospholipids. We evaluated the status of cPLA(2) in azoxymethane (AOM)-induced mouse colon tumors. Despite increased expression of cyclooxygenase 2 (3.7-fold) and PGE(2) (3.4-fold) production in tumors, cPLA(2) mRNA levels and enzyme activity were significantly reduced (3.6- and 3-fold, respectively). Redu...

Recombinant mouse interleukin 10 (IL-10) was exceedingly potent at suppressing the ability of mouse peritoneal macrophages (mOb) to release tumor necrosis factor a (TNF-o~). The ICs0 of IL-10 for the suppression of TNF-ol release induced by 0.5 #g/ml lipopolysaccharide was 0.04 _+ 0.03 U/ml, with as little as 1 U/ml suppressing TNF-ot production by a factor of 21.4 + 2.5. At 10 U/ml, II.-10 mar...

Tang K, Murano G, Wagner H, Nogueira L, Wagner PD, Tang A, Dalton ND, Gu Y, Peterson KL, Breen EC. Impaired exercise capacity and skeletal muscle function in a mouse model of pulmonary inflammation. J Appl Physiol 114: 1340–1350, 2013. First published February 28, 2013; doi:10.1152/japplphysiol.00607.2012.—Pulmonary TNF has been linked to reduced exercise capacity in a subset of patients with m...