Background: Today, unfortunately, we are witnessing the expansion of competition in the world over the acquisition of weapons of mass destruction. Weapons of mass destruction are a set of weapons whose use causes widespread destruction and destruction of the environment and large-scale killing and massive human casualties, leaving no distinction between military and civilian and leaving irrepar...

The authors investigated the effects of velocity (increasing from 0.5 to 5.0 km/hr in steps of 0.5 km/hr) and limb loading on the coordination between arm and leg movements during treadmill walking in 7 participants. Both the consistency of the individual limb movements and the stability of their coordination increased with increasing velocity; the frequency coordination between arm and leg mov...

Pitch deafness, the most commonly known form of congenital amusia, refers to a severe deficit in musical pitch processing (i.e., melody discrimination and recognition) that can leave time processing--including rhythm, metre, and "feeling the beat"--preserved. In Experiment 1, we show that by presenting musical excerpts in nonpitched drum timbres, rather than pitched piano tones, amusics show no...

The temporal congruence between real and imagined movements is not always preserved after stroke. We investigated the dependence of temporal incongruence on the side of the hemispheric lesion and its link with working memory deficits. Thirty-seven persons with a chronic stroke after a right or left hemispheric lesion (RHL : n = 19; LHL : n = 18) and 32 age-matched healthy persons (CTL) were adm...

In the 1990s the book market and the production and reception of literature in Russia radically changed, conforming to Western patterns. This transformation is mostly – and even from the side of scholars – estimated as an emancipatory development. But unlike vanguard postmodern literature, which considers and ironically reverses clichés and stereotypes, mass fiction provides unambiguous element...

In this study, the extent to which bradykinesia in patients with idiopathic Parkinson's disease can be influenced by practice and by specific training strategies was investigated. Fifteen patients with Parkinson's disease tested after withdrawal of anti-Parkinson medication, and 15 matched control subjects, practised a ballistic aiming task. Performance was tested before, during and after train...

While recent studies indicate that observers are able to use dynamic information to anticipate whole-body actions like tennis shots, it is less clear whether the action's amplitude may also allow for anticipation. We therefore examined the role of movement dynamics and amplitude for the anticipation of tennis-shot direction. In a previous study, movement dynamics and amplitude were separated fr...

To explore visual scenes in the everyday world, we constantly move our eyes, yet most neural studies of scene processing are conducted with the eyes held fixated. Such prior work in humans suggests that the parahippocampal place area (PPA) represents scenes in a highly specific manner that can differentiate between different but overlapping views of a panoramic scene. Using functional magnetic ...

An analysis of the Schwinger’s action principle in Lagrangian quantum field theory is presented. A solution of a problem contained in it is proposed via a suitable definition of a derivative with respect to operator variables. This results in a preservation of Euler-Lagrange equations and a change in the operator structure of conserved quantities. Besides, it entails certain relation between th...

According to the Maupertuis principle, the movement of a classical particle in an external potential V (x) can be understood as the movement in a curved space with the metric gμν(x) = 2M [V (x) − E]δμν . We show that the principle can be extended to the quantum regime, i.e., we show that the wave function of the particle follows a Schrödinger equation in curved space where the kinetic operator ...