A method to calculate the elastic shakedown limit of transportation systems (e.g. pavements and railways) supported by geogrid reinforced soils is presented. For first time, lower-bound theory combined with a strength-based simulation approach, resulting in rapid quantify benefit geogrids on limit. It allows decoupling stress generation calculations, meaning it straightforward implement, requir...

With increasing train speed and wheel axle load, severe vibrations can occur in a ballasted trackbed, thereby accelerating the degradation of ballast particles ultimately causing excessive settlement. To gain insights into long-term trackbed behavior evolution, full-scale track experiment with eight sleepers was designed tested on validated physical model test platform (ZJU-iHSRT). Sieving anal...

With the development and application of highway-speed nondestructive testing (NDT) devices, a reliable method to evaluate current level deterioration pavements from measured results is necessary provide comprehensive timely maintenance rehabilitation decisions for pavements. The objective this study conditions flexible their deflection profiles under moving loads. due primarily growth microcrac...