A modified Delphi process assessed current multiple sclerosis (MS) practice patterns for secondary and primary progressive MS (secondary progressive MS [SPMS] and primary progressive MS [PPMS]). In early 2011, 2 sequential, case-based surveys were administered to 75 US MS specialists to assess treatment practices and patient management. Respondents were from geographically diverse US academic (...

Despite the various therapies available, the use of monoclonal antibodies is a highly specific approach that has only recently been of interest to researchers. The properties of antibodies have led to their use in the treatment of various diseases, including cancer, Alzheimer's disease, diabetes and multiple sclerosis (MS). MS, a chronic inflammatory disease, occurs commonly in young adults. Th...

Glatiramer acetate (GA) has been used as an immunomodulatory agent for the treatment of relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (MS) in the United States since 1996. It is currently one of two first-line agents for use in the treatment of relapsing-remitting MS. GA was the first agent to be used in the treatment of MS that was developed using the animal model of MS called experimental autoimmune...

Interferon-beta (IFN-β) treatment may not be effective in neuromyelitis optica (NMO). Whether the poor response to IFN-β is related to long spinal cord lesions (LSCL) or the NMO disease entity itself is unclear. We evaluated the spinal cord involvement of patients with multiple sclerosis (MS) and NMO, as well as the response after receiving IFN-β. Forty-nine MS and 21 NMO patients treated with ...

An HPLC/MS/MS method has been developed for the characterization and quantification of the cardiac glycosides oleandrin, odoroside, neritaloside and the aglycone oleandrigenin, all contained in a patented-hot-water extract of Nerium oleander L (Anvirzel). Qualitative analysis of such extracts was achieved using a hybrid tandem quadrupole time-of-flight (QqTOF) mass spectrometer. Collision-induc...

The effects of tramadol on electrocardiogram (ECG), mean electrical axis and respiratory rates were studied in adult kagani goats after intramuscular administration of tramadol at 1 mg/kg b.wt. as a prelude to its clinical use as an analgesic in veterinary practice. The ECG was monitored by standard bipolar leads and discernible electrocardiographic features were observed in lead II. The normal...

Abstract Tomato ( Solanum lycopersicum L.) is one of the most consumed vegetables worldwide. The ripening tomato performed for its freshness and represented by color gene expression. In our previous study, we molecular analyses on with without sound-wave treatment. present metabolomics analysis tomatoes treatment to expand knowledge ripening. To achieve this goal, at 7, 10, 14 d were selected a...

States and districts have embraced the goals of standards-based reform, but they have interpreted the rather broad objectives in their own unique ways. Merely setting the mark may not be enough to ensure adequate progress in our nation’s schools, Ms. Goertz warns. Comments Copyright Phi Delta Kappa International. Reprinted from Phi Delta Kappan, Volume 83, Issue 1, September 2001, pages 62-66. ...

1 Challenges in justifying the ICT expenditure The discussion commenced by discussing matters affecting the decisions to spend on ICT by government. Dr Kereteletswe indicated that we need to be in a position to justify to the Ministry of Finance and Development Planning the ICT expenditure. The chairman further added that currently the entire world is recovering from the economic melt-down henc...