PURPOSE The conjunctival epithelium performs an important role in the homeostasis and integrity of the eye. To protect the integrity of the ocular surface, these cells must be replaced from locally concentrated or randomly distributed foci of stem cells. These slow-cycling stem cells produce transient amplifying cells that undergo further divisions before becoming mature conjunctival epithelial...

Both antigen-specific and non-specific mechanisms may be involved in the pathogenesis of oral lichen planus (OLP). Antigen-specific mechanisms in OLP include antigen presentation by basal keratinocytes and antigen-specific keratinocyte killing by CD8(+) cytotoxic T-cells. Non-specific mechanisms include mast cell degranulation and matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) activation in OLP lesions. These ...

Oral lichen planus (OLP) represents a common mucocutaneous disease. Various authors have suggested that OLP has malignant potential; however, the mechanisms involved in malignant transformation have not yet been elucidated. A 79-year-old man presented a white lesion for five months in the buccal mucosa diagnosed as OLP. After two months using 0.05% clobetasol ointment for treatment, the lesion ...

INTRODUCTION Perianal giant condyloma acuminatum is a rare clinical condition related to human papillomavirus infection and characterized by a circumferential, exophytic, cauliflower-like mass with an irregular warty surface localized in the anal region. TECHNIQUE A circular incision with a diathermocoagulator was performed on macroscopically healthy skin, 1 cm from the margin of the lesion. ...

pemphigus is a rare autoimmune blistering disease with different phenotypes. the evaluation of therapeutic interventions requires a reliable, valid and feasible to use measurement. however, there is no gold standard to measure the disease activity in clinical trials. in this study we aimed to introduce the pemphigus vulgaris activity score (pvas) measurement and to assess the convergent validit...

The HIV pandemic has wreaked enormous financial, political and health related havoc. 2.1 million Indians account for people living with HIV. Mucocutaneous manifestations occur in almost all individuals with HIV infection. Their incidence increases with decreasing immunity which can be indicated by falling CD4 counts. Getting familiar with mucocutaneous manifestations in HIV affected individuals...

Fig. 1 : Pappulonodular lesions over the face Fig. 2: Pappulonodular lesions over the tongue and soft palate Fig. 3: Smear biopsy of the skin lesion showing multiple amastigotes of Leishmania tropica intracellularly A 27 year old Hindu male, resident of district Barmer, Rajasthan , presented with multiple, diffuse, brownish, non umbilicated, papulonodular, non itchy, swellings of size 2 22 mm a...

introduction kawasaki disease (kd) is an acute systemic vasculitis, of unknown etiology, that mainly affects infants and young children. although originally thought to be a benign illness, kd may prove fatal, especially if the diagnosis is delayed due to a nonclassic presentation. case presentation here, we present the case of a 4-year-old girl with a history of prolonged fever. her physical ex...