Under the smart grid environment, demand response resources (DRRs) are introduced as a virtual power plant to enhance power system adequacy. DRRs often fail to reduce their load due to some external factors. In this paper, a reliability model of a DRR is constructed as multi-state conventional generation units, where the probability, frequency of occurrence, and departure rate of each state can...

Abstract Developing strategies to effectively discriminate between different quantum states is a fundamental issue in information and communication. The actual realization of generally optimal protocols this task often limited by the need supplemental resources very complex receivers. We have experimentally implemented two discrimination schemes minimum-error scenario based on receiver featured...