background: although studies have shown that porcelain veneers are very effi cient for treating discolored teeth, they did not address in particular the minimum thickness of a multilayer ips e.max press (ivoclarvivadent, schaan, liechtenstein) restoration required to mask discolored tooth. the aim of this study was to determine the minimum thickness of a multilayer porcelain restoration require...

Magneto-optical Faraday effect of Bi-substituted yttrium iron garnet (Bi:YIG) films with random multilayer structures was analyzed by using the random matrix approach. It was found that the random multilayer structure is very effective for enhancing the Faraday effect of the Bi:YIG film, which is much superior than that of the periodic multilayer films.

The elastic modulus of multilayer graphene is found to be more robust to damage created by high-energy α-particle irradiation as compared to monolayer graphene. Theoretical analysis indicates that irradiation of multilayer graphene generates interlayer links that potentially increase the stiffness of the multilayer by passivating local defects.

This study examined various regression-based techniques and an artificial neural network used for streamflow forecasting during typhoons. A flow hydrograph was decomposed into two segments, rising and falling limbs, and the individual segments were modeled using statistical techniques. In addition, a conceptual rainfallerunoff model, namely the Public Works Research Institute (PWRI)-distributed...

a cylindrical direct current magnetron sputtering coater with two targets for deposition of multilayer thin films and cermet solar selective surfaces has been constructed. the substrate holder was able to rotate around the target for obtaining the uniform layer and separated multilayer phases. the al/ cu multilayer film was deposited on the glass substrate at the following conditions: working g...

The aberrations of a multilayer-coated reflective Schwarzschild objective, which are influenced both by mirror surface profiles and by multilayer coatings, are evaluated with a phase-shifting point diffraction interferometer operating in the extreme ultraviolet. Using wave-front measurements at multiple wavelengths near 13.4 nm, we observed chromatic aberrations and wavelength-dependent transmi...

We have evaluated the prospects of phosphorus-based compounds in extreme ultraviolet multilayer optics. Boron phosphide (BP) is suggested to be used as a spacer material in reflective multilayer optics operating just above the L-photoabsorption edge of P ( ≈ 9.2 nm). Mo, Ag, Ru, Rh, and Pd were considered for applications as reflector materials. Our calculations for multilayer structures with ...

In this paper, we implement the method of Steepest Descent in single and multilayer feedforward artificial neural networks. In all previous works, all the update weight equations for single or multilayer feedforward artificial neural networks has been calculated by choosing a single activation function for various processing unit in the network. We, at first, calculate the total error function ...

The thermomechanical behavior of multilayer structures is a subject of perennial interest. Stoney’s formula has long been one of the most important tools for understanding thermomechanical stress for single-layered structures like spin-coated polyimides or deposited metal thin film on substrates. In today’s microelectronics, however, as multilayer substrates have become widely available, the ‘‘...

The NO chemisorption dynamics on ordered multilayer iron phthalocyanine (FePc) and quasiamorphous multilayer tetra-t-butyl FePc (ttbu-FePc) films on a Au(111) substrate was investigated using the King and Wells reflection technique. The NO zero coverage or initial sticking probabilities (S(0)) were measured as a function of sample temperature (T(s)) and beam energy (E(i)). The experimental resu...