The emergence of Vibrio cholerae O139 Bengal during 1992-1993 was associated with large epidemics of cholera in India and Bangladesh and, initially, with a total displacement of the existing V. cholerae O1 strains. However, the O1 strains reemerged in 1994 and initiated a series of disappearance and reemergence of either of the two serogroups that was associated with temporal genetic and phenot...

We used standardized methodologies to characterize Vibrio cholerae O1 isolates from Guinea, Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC), Togo, Côte d'Ivoire and Mozambique. We investigated 257 human isolates collected in 2010 to 2013. DRC isolates serotyped O1 Inaba, while isolates from other countries serotyped O1 Ogawa. All isolates were biotype El Tor and positive for cholera toxin. All isolates ...

In this report, we briefly describe our system RiMOM and its underlying techniques. Given two ontologies, RiMOM intends to combine multiple strategies, aiming at finding the “optimal” alignments from the source ontology to the target one. RiMOM integrates multiple strategies: edit-distance based strategy, statistical-learning based strategy, and three similaritypropagation based strategies. Eac...

In this section we show that our rules from Figure 2 are sound for MTAL0, assuming no type abstraction or type naming is present. We begin by stating some lemmas about MTAL0 (Figure 4). Lemma 2.1 (Preservation) If ` O1 link O2 ; O then ` O Lemma 2.2 (Associativity of link) If ` (O1 link O2) link O3 ; O then ` O1 link (O2 link O3) ; O. Lemma 2.3 (Commutativity of link) If ` O1 link O2 ; O then `...

Aid, Growth, and Jobs Various development objectives are worthy, but to my mind, one objective dominates all others: reducing the scourge of absolute economic misery in the world. In this paper, I focus on an important but relatively underemphasized approach to poverty reduction: helping the poor earn more in the labour market for the work they do, so that they can buy the goods and services th...

We analyse, from a worldwide view, the evolution of real Gross Domestic Product, Population and Gdp per inhabitant and the main differences in the levels of development are explained having into account the results of several cross-country models. The main conclusions highlight the necessity of new international policies for improving the educative level of population in less developed countrie...

To determine the pandemic potential of Vibrio cholerae, one must demonstrate both the presence of O1 antigen and the production of enterotoxin (CT). Tissue culture or enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs) for CT have been limited to research and reference laboratories. A kit for detecting CT by reversed passive latex agglutination is now commercially available and was used to test 168 str...

Klebsiella pneumoniae is the common cause of a global emerging infectious disease, community-acquired pyogenic liver abscess (PLA). Capsular polysaccharide (CPS) and lipopolysaccharide (LPS) are critical for this microorganism's ability to spread through the blood and to cause sepsis. While CPS type K1 is an important virulence factor in K. pneumoniae causing PLA, the role of LPS in PLA is not ...