Cystic Fibrosis (CF) is the most common fatal autosomal recessive genetic disease in the Caucasians with a frequency of approximately 1 in 2500 newborns (Cystic Fibrosis Founda‐ tion, http://www.cff.org/). It affects several organs including the lungs, the liver, the pan‐ creas, the sweat glands and the gastrointestinal and reproductive tracts [1]. The most severe complications that finally lea...

Tissue Antigens Are Not Sequestered but Are Expressed in Thymus. For many years, it has been hypothesized that a major factor in organ-specific autoimmunity is a lack of central tolerance to self-antigens that are sequestered behind anatomical barriers in organs such as the eye, testis, and brain. However, numerous studies published in the last few years argue strongly that this concept of sequ...

Tissue Antigens Are Not Sequestered but Are Expressed in Thymus. For many years, it has been hypothesized that a major factor in organ-specific autoimmunity is a lack of central tolerance to self-antigens that are sequestered behind anatomical barriers in organs such as the eye, testis, and brain. However, numerous studies published in the last few years argue strongly that this concept of sequ...

Background: Coronavirus disease 2019 which is officially known as COVID-19 belongs to family viruses. manifestations vary among affected people. These symptoms may become more serious patients suffering from chronic and those who are on treatment af-fect their defense mechanism or immune-compromised vulnerable complications of COVID-19, at high risk for morbidity mortality with any bacterial vi...

Objective: This study aimed to determine whether there was a correlation between the systemic im-mune-inflammation index and ovarian reserve markers such as follicle stimulant hormone, estradiol, anti-mullerian hormone Methods: The comprised 65 people with premature insufficiency 71 controls sim-ilar demographics. concentrations of hemoglobin, hematocrit, platelets, white blood cells, neutro-ph...

BACKGROUND Carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS) is the most common form of peripheral nerve injury, affecting approximately 3 % of the population. While surgery is effective in mild and moderate cases, nerve and functional recovery are often not complete in severe cases. Therefore, there is a need for adjuvant methods to improve nerve regeneration in those cases. Acetyl-L-carnitine (ALCAR) is involved ...

The matrix type multielectrodes have been proved to be useful for getting the information of motor unit (MU) properties (Monster et al., 1980; Reucher et al., 1987; Yamada et al., 1987; Masuda and Sadoyama, 1988; Kleine et al., 2000; Gazzoni et al., 2004). By this electromyography (EMG) technique, we can obtain many essential properties of MU that could not be obtained by conventional surface E...

Dendritic cells (DCs) are antigen presenting cells with unique capability to take up and process antigens in the peripheral blood and tissues. They subsequently migrate to draining lymph nodes where they present these antigens and stimulate naive T lympho-cytes. During their life cycle, DCs go through two maturation stages and are referred to as immature and mature cells, respectively. While im...

Autoimmune encephalitis is a difficult clinical diagnosis due to the similarities in the clini­cal, imaging and laboratory findings of many forms of autoimmune and infectious encephalitis. Autoimmune encephalitis involves several types: The first group includes the classic paraneo­plastic disorders associated with antibodies to intracellular antigens. The second group involves autoanti...