We present the use of stethoscope and silicon NAM (nonaudible murmur) microphones in automatic speech recognition. NAM microphones are special acoustic sensors, which are attached behind the talker’s ear and can capture not only normal (audible) speech, but also very quietly uttered speech (nonaudible murmur). As a result, NAM microphones can be applied in automatic speech recognition systems w...

the apex even without vasoactive maneuvers. On follow-up clinic visits two weeks and three months after discharge, the patient felt quite well, and auscultation of the heart revealed prominent late systolic click but no murmur. However, a late systolic murmur could again be precipitated by isometric exercise. DIscussIoN Until the past few years, a late systolic murmur at the apex, preceded by a...

A 48-year-old man, a heavy smoker and drinker, came to the emergency department complaining of pain, redness, and vision loss in his left eye (Figure A). Physical examination revealed a body temperature of 38.7 8C and hyperemic left conjunctiva. His oral hygiene was clearly poor and he was missing a number of teeth. Auscultation disclosed the presence of a systolic murmur at the left sternal bo...

Since ligation of a patent ductus arteriosus is now a popular and effective operation, it is of practical interest to consider other cardiac conditions that, by producing a similar murmur, may lead to a pre-operative error in diagnosis. If the " mill-wheel" or " machinery" murmur of patent ductus arteriosus has not fully developed, the error may be one of oversight, but confusion may also arise...

A murmur was first heard in 1940 by a school physician when the patient was 8 years old. At the age of 19 the boy complained of easy fatigue. In 1951 a harsh systolie murmur, grade III to IV, was heard at the second right interspace near the sternum; it was accompanied by a thrill over the cervical vessels. A diastolic murmur was not heard. A rather loud second aortic sound was noted. The elect...

Precordial and intracardiac phonocardiographic correlation was investigated in 28 cases with ventricular septal defect (VSD) to confirm the diagnostic value of intracardiac phonocardiography and to clarify the clinical as well as physiological significance of the point of maximum intensity (PMI) of the regurgitant systolic murmur of VSD. At the same time, the teleological use of catheterization...

tI he lollowing eschange was aicepted tor publication in October l976. Due to space constraints relating to submission of original airticles its publication had to be delayed. To the Editor: Doctors Tavel and Bonner in their recent editorialt have advanced a detailed and compelling refutation of the concept that a presystolic murmur can occur in mitral stenosis with atrial fihrilla-tion. We wel...

Aortic stenosis produces a systolic murmur of characteristic shape in the phonocardiogram both in the aortic and mitral areas. Sound records were taken in 20 patients with aortic stenosis. Thq phonocardiograph used for this investigation has been described elsewhere (Leatham, 1949), and consisted of crystal microphones, valve amplifiers, and both string and mirror galvanometers. Filters were u-...

The site and variation of a continuous murmur and its correlation to the anatomy of aortopulmonary communications were studied in 32 patients with pulmonary atresia and large ventricular septal defect. A continuous murmur localized beneath the left clavicle was always associated with a persistent duct. When a continuous murmur beneath the left clavicle and at another site was heard in the absen...

T HE auscultatory and phonocardiographic characteristics of ventricular septal defects have been the subject of several studies,'-5 none of them dealing specifically with the features of small defects. The present study represents an attempt to define the phonocardiographic pattern of ventricular septal defect with a small left-to-right shunt and normal pulmonary artery pressure. It was hoped t...