The presented chemo-electro-mechanical skeletal muscle model relies on a continuum-mechanical formulation describing the muscle's deformation and force generation on the macroscopic muscle level. Unlike other three-dimensional models, the description of the activation-induced behavior of the mechanical model is entirely based on chemo-electro-mechanical principles on the microscopic sarcomere l...

Mathematical calculations of muscle forces often require an estimate of a given muscle’s capacity to generate force. A traditional way of expressing a muscle’s fora generating capacity is in terms of its ‘physiological cross-sectional area’ (degned by muscle volume or muscle mass divided by either gross musck length or muscle fiber length with or without accounting for pennation) (Brand et al.....

INTRODUCTION In previous studies, it was reported that the incidence of postoperative axial pain was lower in C3-C6 laminoplasty than in C3-C7 laminoplasty, emphasizing the effectiveness of the former procedure where discission of the nuchal muscles that are attached to the C7 spinous process is avoided 1), . However, there have been no detailed anatomic studies of the attachment of the nuchal ...

Muscles of individuals with a spinal cord injury (SCI) exhibit an unexpected leftward shift in the force (torque)-frequency relationship. We investigated whether differences in torque-angle relationships between SCI and able-bodied control muscles could explain this shift. Electrically stimulated knee-extensor contractions were obtained at knee flexion angles of between 30 degrees and 90 degree...

Pharyngeal and diaphragm muscles contract and relax in synergy, which is why it was decided to compare their mechanical performance throughout the overall load continuum. The effects of fatigue were also studied. The isotonic mechanics of rat sternohyoid (SH; n=10) and diaphragm (D; n=10) were investigated in vitro. Force and length were measured in muscles contracting from zero load up to isom...

The goals of the present study were 1) to assess effects of antagonist coactivation on mechanical interactions between synergistic muscles, and 2) to quantify the extent of epimuscular myofascial force transmission between synergistic and antagonistic muscles in the rat forelimb. Connective tissues enveloping the muscle bellies in the antebrachium were left intact. Forces exerted at the distal ...

Filament lengths in resting and excited frog muscles have been measured in the electron microscope, and investigations made of the changes in length that are found under different conditions, to distinguish between those changes which arise during preparation and the actual differences in the living muscles. It is concluded that all the measured differences in filament length are caused by the ...

PURPOSE The purpose of this study was to understand the detailed architectural properties of the human flexor carpi radialis (FCR) and flexor carpi ulnaris (FCU) muscles and their implications for tendon transfer surgery. METHODS Muscle fiber length was measured in 6 separate regions of the FCU and FCR from 10 cadaveric specimens. Sarcomere length was measured by laser diffraction for normali...

Fluidic muscles have been the subject of research since 1930s to present day. McKibben's muscle is one most common ones. This type basis for fluidic already being used commercially. The power-to-weight ratio their main advantages. disadvantage difficult handling. article describes experimental verification static characteristics muscles. During contraction, a tensile force developed which chang...