Flattening filter-free (FFF) beams are becoming the preferred beam type for stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) and stereotactic ablative radiation therapy (SABR), as they enable an increase in dose rate and a decrease in treatment time. This work assesses the effects of the flattening filter on small field output factors for 6 MV beams generated by both Elekta and Varian linear accelerators, and d...

background: the presence of a wedge filter in the beam trajectory can modify the beam quality and cause some changes in the dosimetry parameters which are usually difficult to be measured directly and accurately. material and methods: in this study the mcnp-4c monte carlo code was used to simulate the 9 mv photon beam generated by a linear accelerator. upon getting a good agreement between the ...

We address the topic of spatial-downscaling video transcoder in DCT-domain. The proposed techniques include the hierarchical fast motion resampling (HFMR) with accuracy motion resampling, the fast refinement for nonintegral (FRNI) motion vector (MV), and the dynamic regulating search (DRS) with low-complexity motion vector refinement. Two kinds of motion vector refinement algorithms in DRS are ...

Classical target detection schemes are usually obtained by deriving the likelihood ratio under Gaussian hypothesis and replacing the unknown background parameters by their estimates. In most assumed to be Gaussian with zero mean [or with a known mean vector (MV)] and with an unknown covariance matrix (CM). When the MV is unknown, it has to be jointly estimated with the CM. In this paper, adapti...

During the course of their lifespan, erythrocytes actively shed phospholipid-bound microvesicles (MVs). In stored blood, the number of these erythrocyte-derived MVs has been observed to increase over time, suggesting their potential value as a quality metric for blood products. The lack of sensitive, standardized MV assays, however, poses a significant barrier to implementing MV analyses into c...

AIM This work investigated the dosimetric properties of a 10-MV photon beam emitted from a medical linear accelerator (linac) with no flattening filter (FF). The aim of this study is to analyze the radiation fluence and energy emitted from the flattening filter free (FFF) linac using Monte Carlo (MC) simulations. MATERIALS AND METHODS The FFF linac was created by removing the FF from a linac ...

A problem stated by Höhle in his book “Many-valued Topology and Applications” is solved. The problem consists of finding a necessary and sufficient condition for a stratified L-filter to be induced by a -filter in the sense of Lemma 4.4.3 in this book. The condition given is proved to be equivalent to the condition considered in Proposition 4.4.4 in this book in the case of complete MV -algebra...