Abstract Summary: Primary sclerosing cholangitis and colitis are known predisposing factors for bile duct cancer, but their exact pro-oncogenic mechanisms unclear. In this issue of Cancer Discovery, Zhang colleagues identify intestinal barrier impairment as a key mechanism, resulting in gut microbes spilling into the portal vein, turn recruiting immunosuppressive myeloid-derived suppressor cell...

Malignant gliomas are lethal cancers in the brain and heavily infiltrated by myeloid cells. Interleukin-4 receptor-α (IL-4Rα) mediates the immunosuppressive functions of myeloid cells, and polymorphisms in the IL-4Rα gene are associated with altered glioma risk and prognosis. In this study, we sought to evaluate a hypothesized causal role for IL-4Rα and myeloid suppressor cells in glioma develo...

Introduction Myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) are heterogeneous population of immature myeloid cells with suppressive activity, containing precursor of granulocytes, macrophages, and dendritic cells [1-3]. They expand in inflammatory conditions and regulate immune responses. However, the role that MDSCs played in other chronic or acute inflammatory conditions like sepsis is not well und...

Chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) is caused by the reciprocal translocation t(9;22)(q34;q11), resulting in BCR-ABL1 fusion gene. tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) improve overall survival patients with chronic phase CML (CML-CP). Approximately half of who achieve a durable deep molecular response can sustained treatment-free remission (TFR) after TKI discontinuation; thus TFR now therapeutic goal ...

Cancer cells escape immune destruction. From this perspective, myeloid-derived suppressor (MDSCs), which are immunosuppressive in various cancers including breast cancer (BC), significant. However, the precise mechanisms unknown. We isolated HLA-DR - CD33 + MDSCs and CD3 T from BC patients’ peripheral blood healthy donors through MACS immunophenotyped by flow cytometry. Transfection of short-in...

Patients with programmed death-ligand 1 positive (PD-L1+), locally advanced or metastatic, non-squamous non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) have a poor prognosis and treatment options are limited. Sitravatinib, selective tyrosine kinase inhibitor, reduces the number of myeloid-derived suppressor cells regulatory T cells, promotes expansion migration antitumor cytotoxic increases ratio M1/M2-pola...

Vitamin D regulates homeostasis, anti-microbial response, and inflammation. The vitamin receptors are expressed in the macrophages other immune cells, regulating transcription of many different genes, including those coding peptides. One most severe complications SARS-CoV-2 infection is acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) caused by hyperinflammatory response (commonly called cytokine sto...

Myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) comprise monocytic and granulocytic innate immune cells with the capability of suppressing T- and NK-cell responses. While the role of MDSCs has been studied in depth in malignant diseases, the understanding of their regulation and function in infectious disease conditions has just begun to evolve. Here we summarize and discuss the current view how MDSCs...

Sepsis is a systemic, deleterious host response to widespread infection. Patients with sepsis will have documented or suspected infection which can progress to a state of septic shock or acute organ dysfunction. Since sepsis is responsible for nearly 3 million cases per year in China and severe sepsis is a common, expensive fatal condition in America, developing new therapies becomes a signific...