Undoped PANI (EB) was synthesized in the 50% oxidized form by oxidative polymerization of aniline in aqueous HCl solution using (NH 4) 2 S 2 O 8 , at 0-5 ˚C and subsequent dedoping in 0.5 M aqueous NaOH solution. All subsequent reactions were carried out in a controlled atmosphere glove box (MBraun LABSTAR), where the moisture and O 2 levels were maintained below 5 ppm. Deprotonation of the ami...

The detailed mechanisms of n-heptane and n-butanol were reduced for the target condition ignition delay time using direct relationship diagram method based on error transfer, coupling transfer sensitivity analysis, total material analysis method. (132 species 585 reactions) (82 383 used to verify concentrations major species, respectively. results showed that mechanism has a good prediction abi...

An experimental and numerical investigation of prevaporized n-heptane nitrogen-diluted nonpremixed flames is reported. The major objective is to provide well-resolved experimental data regarding the structure and emission characteristics of these flames, including profiles of major species (N2, O2, C7H16, CO2, CO, H2), hydrocarbon intermediates (CH4, C2H4, C2H2, C3Hx), and soot precursors (C6H6...

N-Heptane and 2,2,4-trimethylpentane (isooctane) are the key species in the modeling of ignition of hydrocarbon-based fuel formulations. Isooctane is knock-resistant whereas n-heptane is a very knock-prone hydrocarbon. It has been suggested that interconversion of their associated alkylperoxy and hydroperoxyalkyl species via hydrogen-transfer isomerization reaction is the key step to understand...

Various engine and shock tube studies have observed increased NOx emissions from the combustion of biodiesels relative to regular diesel and linked them to the degree of unsaturation or the number of double bonds in the molecular structure of long-chain biodiesel fuels. We report herein a numerical investigation on the structure and emission characteristics of triple flames burning n-heptane an...

The surface properties of coal, interactions with gaseous and vapour media, knowledge the pore structure are important in terms preparation, use, utilisation coal. This publication combines new unpublished data analyses included earlier publications by research team to expand systematise information on sorption water vapour, methanol saturated unsaturated hydrocarbons hexane, 1-hexene, heptane,...

The surfaces of molybdenum carbide were varied by changing the carburization temperature between 823 and 1123 K. The surfaces of the catalytic material were investigated using in-situ temperature program carburization followed by temperature program reduction and oxidation. In-situ temperature program oxidation (TPO) showed the surfaces of the catalysts contain a similar amoun...

Low-temperature combustion is a promising strategy for reducing pollutant formation in internal engines. However, there lack of understanding how the chemistry governing differences ignition between low-temperature and conventional affects emission rates physicochemical properties particulate matter (aerosols). Here, we conducted experiments an atmospheric-pressure reactor controlled at constan...