The technical details of RSA works on the idea that it is easy to generate modulus by multiplying two sufficiently large prime numbers together, but factorizing number back into original extremely difficult. Suppose \(N=p^r q^s\) are modulus, where \(p\) and \(q\) product unknown unbalance primes for \(2 \leq s<r\). paper proves using an approximation \(\phi(N) \approx\) \(N-N^{\frac{r+8-1}{...

The cardinality of the minimal generating set of a module M i.e g(M) plays a very important role in the study of QTAG-Modules. Fuchs [1] mentioned the importance of upper and lower basic subgroups of primary groups. A need was felt to generalize these concepts for modules. An upper basic submodule B of a QTAG-Module M reveals much more information about the structure of M . We find that each ba...

An R-module A is called GF-regular if, for each a ∈ A and r ∈ R, there exist t ∈ R and a positive integer n such that r(n)tr(n)a = r(n)a. We proved that each unitary R-module A contains a unique maximal GF-regular submodule, which we denoted by M GF(A). Furthermore, the radical properties of A are investigated; we proved that if A is an R-module and K is a submodule of A, then MGF(K) = K∩M GF(A...

Let R be a commutative ring with identity , and M is unitary left R-module”, “A proper submodule E of an R-module called weakly quasi-prime if whenever r, s ∈ R, m M, 0 ≠ rsm implies that rm or sm E”. “We introduce the concept quasi 2-absorbing as generalization submodule”, where r,s,t ∈M 0≠ rstm rtm stm E. we study basic properties 2-absorbing. Furthermore, relationships other classes module a...

In this paper, we classify the skew cyclic codes over Fp + vF_p + v^2F_p, where p is a prime number and v^3 = v. Each skew cyclic code is a F_p+vF_p+v^2F_p-submodule of the (F_p+vF_p+v^2F_p)[x;alpha], where v^3 = v and alpha(v) = -v. Also, we give an explicit forms for the generator of these codes. Moreover, an algorithm of encoding and decoding for these codes is presented.

‎In this work‎, ‎we introduce the concept of classical 2-absorbing secondary modules over a commutative ring as a generalization of secondary modules and investigate some basic properties of this class of modules‎. ‎Let $R$ be a commutative ring with‎ ‎identity‎. ‎We say that a non-zero submodule $N$ of an $R$-module $M$ is a‎ ‎emph{classical 2-absorbing secondary submodule} of $M$ ...

In this work, we use the $C^3P_{\,0}$ model to calculate decay widths of low lying charmonium $J^{PC}=1^{--}$ states, nominally $J/\psi(1S)$ and $\psi(2S)$, in following common channels: $\rho\,\pi$, $\omega\,\eta$, $\omega\,\eta^\prime$, $K^{\ast +}\,K^-$, 0}\,\bar{K}^0$, $\phi\,\eta$, $\phi\,\eta^\prime$.

we state several conditions under which comultiplication and weak comultiplication modulesare cyclic and study strong comultiplication modules and comultiplication rings. in particular,we will show that every faithful weak comultiplication module having a maximal submoduleover a reduced ring with a finite indecomposable decomposition is cyclic. also we show that if m is an strong comultiplicati...

The notion of the square submodule of a module M over an arbitrary commutative ring R, which is denoted by RM, was introduced by Aghdam and Najafizadeh in [3]. In fact, RM is the R−submodule of M generated by the images of all bilinear maps on M. Furthermore, given a submodule N of an R−module M, we say that M is nil modulo N if μ(M×M) ≤ N for all bilinear maps μ on M. The main question about t...