Proteins of the transforming-growth-factor-β (TGF-β)-superfamily have a remarkable ability to induce cartilage and bone and the crosstalk of TGF-β - and BMP-signalling pathways appears crucial during chondrocyte development. Aim was to assess the regulation of TGF-β-superfamily members and of Smad2/3- and Smad1/5/9-signalling during endochondral in vitro chondrogenesis of mesenchymal stromal ce...

Inoculation of mature leaves of turnip (Brassica campestris) with the incompatible Xanthomonas campestris pv vitians resulted in the induction of beta-1,3-glucanase and chitinase/lysozyme (CHL) activity. No increase in the basal activity of beta-1,3-glucanase was observed after inoculation of leaves with heat- or rifampicin-killed X. c. vitians, Escherichia coli, or sterile water. Inoculation w...

We studied the electrophysiological changes occurring in six patients with tethered cord syndrome. Evidence of spinal malformations was provided by magnetic resonance imaging. The functional assessment of the spinal cord was performed by analysing both spinal and cortical somatosensory evoked potentials. The evoked electrospinogram was recorded from the thoracic and lumbosacral spinous processe...

The Type I photosynthetic reaction center (RC), Photosystem (PS I), is an exquisitely tuned pigment-protein complex that comprised of multiple polypeptide subunits and protein-bound electron-transfer cofactors. Recent work in PS has suggested the six core chlorophyll (Chl) a molecules initiate charge separation (Chl1A/1B, Chl2A/2B, Chl3A/3B) are highly coupled, allowing for efficient creation s...

Drought resistance is of enormous importance in crop production. The identification of genetic factors involved in plant response to drought stress provides a strong foundation for improving drought tolerance. Stay-green is a drought resistance trait in sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L. Moench) that gives plants resistance to premature senescence under severe soil moisture stress during the post-flow...

The study area is Diyadin, which situated 71 km ESE of Ağrı very close to the Turkish-Iranian State border. It one several type localities promising geothermal fields in Eastern Anatolia. neotectonic regime and related structures are dominated by a strike-slip tectonic governed stress field Anatolia where greatest principal (σ1) operating NNW direction (N22°W) while least (σ3) N68°E. This state...