A novel and rapid and continuous hydrothermal route to the synthesis of extensive ultra-thin 2D sodium titanate (Na(2)Ti(3)O(7)) nano-sheets using a superheated water flow at 450 degrees C and 24.1 MPa as a crystallizing medium is described. High resolution electron microscopy of the sheets revealed that they were a few layers thick and largely uncurled, highly crystalline despite their very sh...

© 2009 Apinunt Thanachayanont et al. 243 ABSTRACT⎯A novel ultra-low-power readout circuit for a pH-sensitive ion-sensitive field-effect transistor (ISFET) is proposed. It uses an ISFET/reference FET (REFET) differential pair operating in weak-inversion and a simple current-mode metal-oxide semiconductor FET (MOSFET) translinear circuit. Simulation results verify that the circuit operates with e...

A novel resistorless bipolar junction transistor (BJT) bias and curvature compensation circuit for ultra-low power CMOS bandgap voltage references (BGR) is introduced. It works in the nano-ampere current consumption range and under 1 V of power supply. The analytical behavior of the circuit is described, and simulation results for a 0.18 μm CMOS standard process are analysed. A junction voltage...

This paper proposes a low voltage CMOS nano-ampere current reference circuit and presents its performance with circuit simulations in 180-nm technology. The proposed circuit consists of biasvoltage, current-source and offset-voltage sub-circuits with most of MOSFETs operating in subthreshold region. Simulation results show that the circuit generates a stable reference current of 110-nA in suppl...

Non-linear microscopy has the potential to provide clinically useful information on the structure of biological tissue in vivo via an endomicroscope. The ability to use plastic as the optical material in a multiphoton objective was evaluated based on several criteria including autofluorescence, injection molding induced birefringence, and pulse broadening due to group velocity dispersion. An al...