When tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L. var. Virginia Gold) plants were pretreated with Na ((22)Na) several days before detopping, from 2.3 to 4.9% of Na previously accumulated in roots appeared in the xylem exudate in 7 days after detopping. Na from the external medium, however, was readily transported to the exudate. Moreover, the amount of the pretreatment Na that was transported to the exudate w...

This article presents a novel method for tuning the reactivity of nanoenergetic materials by coating a strong oxidizer nanoparticle (potassium permanganate; approximately 150 nm) with a layer of a relatively mild oxidizer (iron oxide). The measured reactivity for a nano-Al/composite oxidizer could be varied by more than a factor of 10, as measured by the pressurization rate in a closed vessel (...

Novel aerosol therapeutic modalities have been investigated for lung cancer. Inhaled gene therapy has presented safety and effectiveness previously in cystic fibrosis. However, safety concerns have been raised regarding the safety of non-viral vectors for inhaled gene therapy in lung cancer, and therefore small steps have been made towards this multifunctional treatment modality. During the las...

The filtration of aerosol particles using composites of nano- and microsized fibrous structures is a promising method for the effective separation of nanoparticles from gases. A multi-scale physical system describing the flow pattern and particle deposition at a non-steady-state condition requires an advanced method of modelling. The combination of lattice Boltzmann and Brownian dynamics was us...

We use calorimetrically detected crystal nucleation and growth studies to broaden the discussion of fluctuation-induced nucleation processes to include composition fluctuations in ionic complex-forming systems. We use the model system Ca(NO(3))(2)-KNO(3) with NaNO(3) introduced as a third component, so that crystallization kinetics can be controlled by change of alkali cation at constant mole f...

ABSTRACT Systems for studying the toxicity of metal aggregates on the airways are normally not suited for evaluating the effects of individual particle characteristics. This study validates a set-up for toxicological studies of metal aggregates using an air-liquid interface approach. The set-up used a spark discharge generator capable of generating aerosol metal aggregate particles and sintered...

Guanine-rich nucleic acids can form G-quadruplexes that are important in gene regulation, biosensor design and nano-structure construction. In this article, we report on the development of a nanopore encapsulating single-molecule method for exploring how cations regulate the folding and unfolding of the G-quadruplex formed by the thrombin-binding aptamer (TBA, GGTTGGTGTGGTTGG). The signature bl...

∗To whom correspondence should be addressed †University of Erlangen ‡Caltech uum light source is spectrally filtered by a programmed acousto-optic tunable filter (operated at λ = 1200− 1850nm) (NKT Koheras, SuperK Extreme) and is subsequently directed through a polarization filter (1) and a non-polarizing beam splitter (NPBS), that directs 50% of the power to a reference diode (InGaAs). The mai...

Epidermal growth factor (EGF) has been reported to stimulate the proliferation of epithelial cells and increase Na+ flux and Na+-K+-ATPase function in alveolar epithelial cell monolayers. Increases in Na+-K+-ATPase in alveolar type II cells (AT2) have been associated with increased active Na+ transport and lung edema clearance across the rat alveolar epithelium in a model of proliferative lung ...

An incomplete extraction of uranyl ammonium tricarbonate (UATC) from mother solutions is one of the problems concerning liquid radwaste accumulation. Implementation of processes and devices allowing for complete extraction of residual UATC from mother solutions would make it possible to significantly decrease expenses by the plant for radwaste utilization and environmental impact, and also to r...