Creating applications using object-oriented frameworks is often difficult, since subclassing plays a too important role. Subclassing is a “white-box” form of reuse, and thus requires the developer to understand the underlying implementation. In the approach described in this paper, class composition is introduced as a form of black-box class reuse. It may be seen to extend the concept of parame...

Despite vast interest in design patterns, the specification and application of patterns is generally assumed to rely on manual implementation. We describe a precise method of specifying how a design pattern is applied: by phrasing it as an algorithm in a meta-programming language. We present a prototype of a tool that supports the specification of design patterns and their realization in a give...

We study the task of teaching a machine to classify objects using features and labels. We introduce the Error-Driven-Featuring design pattern for teaching using features and labels in which a teacher prefers to introduce features only if they are needed. We analyze the potential risks and benefits of this teaching pattern through the use of teaching protocols, illustrative examples, and by prov...

Innovations in network and information technology have transformed traditional classroom lectures into new approaches that have given universities the opportunity to create a virtual laboratory. However, there is no systematic framework in existing approaches for the development of virtual laboratories. Further, developing a virtual laboratory from scratch is time consuming and costly. This art...

Design patterns provide guidance to system designers on how to structure individual classes or groups of classes, as well as constraints on the interactions between these classes, to enable them to implement flexible and reliable systems. Patterns are usually described informally. While such informal descriptions are useful and even essential, if we want to be sure that designers precisely and ...

Activity is an important concept in many fields, and a number of activity-related ontologies have been developed. While suitable for their designated use cases, these ontologies cannot be easily generalized to other applications. This paper aims at providing a generic ontology design pattern to model the common core of activities in different domains. Such a pattern can be used as a building bl...

The abstraction level of the problem treated by a design pattern has wide variety, from architecture to near implementation. However, there is no objective metric indicating the abstraction level of the problems addressed by patterns. Thus, it is difficult to understand the abstraction level of each pattern and to position a new pattern. In this paper, a metric is proposed. It indicates the rel...

One of the main advantages claimed for software design patterns is improved team communication. This paper reports on an experiment that tests this hypothesis. Team communication among pairs of designers with and without design pattern knowledge is observed in a maintenance setting and analyzed by protocol analysis. The results indicate that shared pattern knowledge leads to a more condensed ex...

Although constructs have been developed for designing the features of Behavior Change Support Systems (BCSSs), detailed descriptions and guidelines for their software level implementation are lacking. Through developing software design patterns one is able to examine BCSSs at a more intricate technical level instead of merely a black-box approach to them. In this paper, we present a software de...

This paper describes the Object with States content ontology design pattern that allows modeling the different states of an object and the restrictions on such object for its different states. It also presents an example of applying the pattern in a concrete use case in the ALM iStack ontology.