We report the first measurements of the scattering coefficient of natural marine particles, which extend over the near-infrared spectral region to up to 870 nm. The measurements were conducted in three different European estuaries (Gironde, Tamar and Elbe) using an in situ absorption and attenuation-meter. The observed particulate scattering coefficients varied from 1 to nearly 100 m(-1). The s...

Strong autofluorescence from living tissues, and the scattering and absorption of short-wavelength light in living tissues, significantly reduce sensitivity of in vivo fluorescence imaging. These issues can be tackled by using imaging probes that emit in the near-infrared wavelength range. Here we describe self-luminescing near-infrared-emitting nanoparticles employing an energy transfer relay ...

Nickel dithiolene dyes, noted for their intense long-wavelength electronic transitions, have been notoriously dificult molecules to model. This study has investigated the use of timedependent density functional theory (TDDFT) to model these dyes. The absorption spectra of an extensive set of near-infrared nickel dithiolene dyes have been evaluated for the first time using TDDFT. Bulk solvent ef...

The photoisomerization of relatively nontoxic E-combretastatins to clinically active Z-isomers is shown to occur in solution through both one- and two-photon excitations at 340 and 625 nm, respectively. The photoisomerization is also demonstrated to induce mammalian cell death by a two-photon absorption process at 625 nm. Unlike conventional photodynamic therapy (PDT), the mechanism of photoiso...

Data in the literature indicate that the measurement of moisture in cheese by near infrared transmittance (NIT) is more accurate than by reflectance (NIR). The accuracy of the NIT measurement (SEP) was calculated for Edam, Gouda, Brie, Colby, and Cheddar. A range of SEP values (0.12-0.35) was obtained using different methods of calibration for different types of samples. There was close agreeme...

Extension of optical monitoring of intact tissues from the visible and ultraviolet to the near-infrared (NIR) range (700-1300 nm) was first undertaken in 1977 for the purpose of monitoring the redox behavior of Cytochrome c oxidase (cyt c ox) in vivo. Soon it became evident that the much greater NIR translucency of skin and bone made it possible to reach brain and muscle tissue without surgical...

Individuals with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) have been consistently found to have category fluency deficits. However, little is known about the neural basis of these deficits. A diversity of neuroimaging studies has revealed left-lateralized prefrontal activations due to verbal processing and control functions during the performance of category fluency tasks. Given the reports of structural...

We investigated the impact of viewing versus not viewing a real forest on human subjects' physiological and psychological responses in the same setting. Fifteen healthy volunteers (11 males, four females, mean age 36 years) participated. Each participant was asked to view a forest while seated in a comfortable chair for 15 min (Forest condition) vs. sitting the same length of time with a curtai...

Silica-supported oxovanadium groups were reacted in a gas-solid reaction with aniline at 175 degrees C. The reaction was clean as monitored in situ by UV-vis spectroscopy and resulted in the elimination of water as the principal product of the reaction and the disappearance of the terminal V=O stretch in the Raman spectrum. 15N MAS solid-state NMR spectroscopy showed only a single nitrogen-cont...

While XANES spectroscopy is an established tool for quantitative information on chemical structure and speciation, elemental concentrations are generally quantified by other methods. The edge step in XANES spectra represents the absolute amount of the measured element in the sample, but matrix effects and sample thickness complicate the extraction of accurate concentrations from XANES measureme...