the adhesion molecules are involved in adhesion of leukocytes to endothelial cells and other immune cells. not only adhesion molecules have membrane form, but they also have soluble form. in this paper, we attempted to investigate the concen¬tration of soluble adhesion molecules in the type 1 diabetic patients (n = 40) and healthy subjects (n = 10). the results indicated that there was an incre...

We developed a novel ordinary differential equation (ODE) model, which produced results that correlated well with the Monte Carlo (MC) simulation when applied to a spatially-detailed model of the cardiac sarcomere. Configuration of the novel ODE model was based on the Ising model of myofilaments, with the "co-operative activation" effect introduced to incorporate nearest-neighbor interactions. ...

Multi-label learning originated from the investigation of text categorization problem, where each document may belong to several predefined topics simultaneously. In multi-label learning, the training set is composed of instances each associated with a set of labels, and the task is to predict the label sets of unseen instances through analyzing training instances with known label sets. In this...

Sub-stoichiometric interstitial compounds, including binary transition metal carbides (MC(1-x)), maintain structural stability even if they accommodate abundant anion vacancies. This unique character endows them with variable-composition, diverse-configuration and controllable-performance through composition and structure design. Herein, the evolution of carbon vacancy (VC) configuration in sub...

In this article, we present a likelihood-based framework for modeling site dependencies. Our approach builds upon standard evolutionary models but incorporates site dependencies across the entire tree by letting the evolutionary parameters in these models depend upon the ancestral states at the neighboring sites. It thus avoids the need for introducing new and high-dimensional evolutionary mode...

In the area of data classification, one of the prominent algorithms is the large margin nearest neighbor (LMNN) approach which is a metric learning to enhance the performance of the popular k-nearest neighbor classifier. In principles, LMNN learns a more efficient metric in the input space by using a linear mapping as the outcome of a convex optimization problem. However, one of the greatest we...

Bacteria are known to communicate primarily via secreted extracellular factors. Here we identify a previously uncharacterized type of bacterial communication mediated by nanotubes that bridge neighboring cells. Using Bacillus subtilis as a model organism, we visualized transfer of cytoplasmic fluorescent molecules between adjacent cells. Additionally, by coculturing strains harboring different ...

introduction: radiation induced bystander effect (ribe) which cause radiation effects in non-irradiated cells, has challenged the principle according to which radiation traversal through the nucleus of a cell is necessary for producing biological responses. what is the mechanism of this phenomenon? to have a better understanding of this rather ambiguous concept substantial number of original an...

Using in situ liquid cell transmission electron microscopy (TEM), we visualized a stepwise self-assembly of surfactant-coated and hydrated gold nanoparticles (NPs) into linear chains or branched networks. The NP binding is facilitated by linker molecules, ethylenediammonium, which form hydrogen bonds with surfactant molecules of neighboring NPs. The observed spacing between bound neighboring NP...