Aquificales are metabolically versatile chemolithoautotrophic thermophilic bacteria. This group is widespread in both deep-sea and terrestrial hydrothermal systems. In Yellowstone National Park, they were first described in early descriptions of the biology of the park, and later captured the attention of many microbiologists including Brock, Stahl, Pace, and others. There are four genera curre...

Exact optimal paths are calculated for two closed economies, each with an accumulable capital, a non-renewable resource and exogenous technical progress. The first economy has hyperbolic discounting and (possibly) hyperbolic technical progress. On its optimal path, generally, welfare-equivalent income > wealth-equivalent income > Sefton-Weale income > NNP; and sustainable income = NNP only if c...

Welfare measures under threats of environmental catastrophes are studied using the ”parable” apparatus of Weitzman and Löfgren [28]. The occurrence probability of the catastrophic events is driven (at least partly) by anthropogenic activities such as natural resource exploitation. Without external effects, the green NNP is a genuine welfare measure vis-à-vis a particular parable economy. Often,...

A central pillar of the sustainability movement is the call to include environmental accounting in standard measures of economic performance. This increased transparency would, in principle, mitigate the temptation of economic managers and policy makers to increase growth in material consumption at the expense of the environment. Moreover, as Repetto (1989) and others have argued, deducting dep...

Prediction-error expansion (PEE) is an important reversible data hiding technique, which can hide large messages into digital media with little distortion. In this paper, we propose a nearest neighborhood pixel prediction algorithm (NNP) for reversible data hiding algorithms based on Chinese Remainder Theorem (CRT), in which a rhombus prediction is applied in NNP, and prediction errors, the dif...

In this research, vascular plants of Bamu National Park (48000 ha.) situated in Fars province were studied. Analyses of all collected plants (450 species) showed that on account of climatic conditions, 94% of them were flowering in spring, also hemicryptophytes and therophytes possess abundant growth form with 39.6% and 23.5%, respectively. Phytogeographically, Irano-Turanian  elements comprise...

The effectiveness of Acid-Base Accounting (ABA) for predicting surface coal mine drainage quality in Pennsylvania was evaluated. Comparisons between ABA and mine drainage alkalinity, acidity, and sulfate were made for 38 mines in the bituminous coalfield. Neutralization Potential (NP), Maximum Potential Acidity (MPA), and Net Neutralization Potential (NNP) were evaluated with and without "thres...

We conducted a series of studies on the implied causal structure of metaphors. Some metaphors are “systemic” and highlight the complexity of relationships. For example, describing a national park as the “backbone” of the park system situates the park in a larger body of national parks, specifying a set of relationships between that park and the whole system. Other metaphors don’t enforce the sa...