Distribution of blood group A, B, and H(O) activities among 282 aerobic Gram-negative bacteria, many isolated from the blood of patients, has been studied. Almost half of these bacteria were found to be blood group active. About 10 per cent of the organisms exhibited high, disproportional activities, which in some instances approached those of crude human blood group mucoids. No significant, sp...

There are 3 main groups of multiple resistant Gram-negative bacteria:  Enterobacteriaceae with ESBL or AmpC enzymes – Escherichia coli, Klebsiella spp., Enterobacter cloacae, Citrobacter freundii, Morganella morganii, Serratia marcescens  Acinetobacter spp. – resistant to aminoglycoside antibiotics as well as occasionally carbapenems and Colistin  Pseudomonas spp. – resistant to combinations...

The antibacterial property of serum, first reported by Nuttall in 1888, has attracted many investigators and an extensive literature has accumulated. The sera of most mammals tested have been found to possess bactericidal activity, but a notable exception is the mouse, whose serum, apparently through lack of complement, is unable to kill any of a number of bacterial strains which are sensitive ...

It has become increasingly and widely recognised that bacteria do not exist as solitary cells, but are colonial organisms that exploit elaborate systems of intercellular communication to facilitate their adaptation to changing environmental conditions. The languages by which bacteria communicate take the form of chemical signals, excreted from the cells, which can elicit profound physiological ...

Over the last decade or so, a wealth of research has established that bacteria communicate with one another using small molecules. These signals enable the individuals in a population to coordinate their behaviour. In the case of pathogens, this behaviour may include decisions such as when to attack a host organism or form a biofilm. Consequently, such signalling systems are excellent targets f...

Members of the families Neisseriaceae, Pasteurellaceae and Moraxellaceae are capable of transferrin-iron acquisition in the absence of siderophore production. They do so via expression of a bi-partite receptor composed of two dissimilar proteins, TbpA and TbpB. Both proteins are surface exposed, iron-regulated and capable of binding transferrin. However, other physiochemical, antigenic, and imm...

This chapter presents a brief outline of our current knowledge of the structures of the bounding membranes (the inner and the outer membranes and the intermediate periplasmic layer) of a Gram-negative bacterial cell. Also the structure and chemical composition of the outer membrane vesicles (OMVs) originating from the surface of these bacteria including their proteomic profile, as obtained main...

Actin crosslinking toxins produced by Gram-negative bacteria represent a small but unique class of bacterial protein toxins. For each of these toxins, a discrete actin crosslinking domain (ACD) that is a distant member of the ATP-dependent glutamine synthetase family of protein ligases is translocated to the eukaryotic cell cytosol. This domain then incorporates a glutamate-lysine crosslink bet...

Gram-negative bacteria tend to be more resistant to lipophilic and amphiphilic inhibitors than gram-positive bacteria. Such inhibitors include dyes, detergents, free fatty acids, antibiotics, and other chemotherapeutic agents. This property is used in the selective enrichment of gram-negative bacteria, especially of members of the family Enterobacteriaceae, for example with MacConkey agar (cont...

The ability of a rapid, semiautomated bacterial identification system, the Quantum Il microbiology system (Abbott Laboratories, Irving, Tex.), to accurately identify gram-negative bacteria from veterinary sources was evaluated. A total of 378 isolates were tested, including 298 organisms in the family Enterobacteriaceae and strains representing Acinetobacter sp., Aeromonas sp., Flavobacterium s...