Polyphosphate is a phosphate polymer which is effective for stain removal and prevention of stain deposition. Ultraphosphate belongs to the polyphosphate group and has a highly branched mesh-like structure. To evaluate stain control ability of ultraphosphate, we used HAP powder, glass-ionomer cement and detached human teeth for models of in vitro stain control experiments. When using HAP powder...

Guilherme Saavedra 1 Maximiliano Piero Neisser 2 Mário Alexandre Coelho Sinhoreti 3 Cristiane Machado 4 1 Graduate student, Paulista Dental School, Julio de Mesquita Filho State University (UNESP), São José dos Campos, São Paulo, Brazil. 2 Assistant Professor Department of Dental Materials and Prosthodontics, Paulista Dental School, Julio de Mesquita Filho State University (UNESP), São José dos...

Pap stain was first developed by Dr GN Papanicoloau in 1947 and since then it has been used successfully to screen cervical cancer. In fact, it has reduced the incidence of cervical cancer by 70% especially in developed countries having well planned screening programs. However, the stain has undergone various modifications from regressive conventional method to progressive rapid Pap staining wh...

The Alcobacenses are one of the most important Portuguese collections Monastic codices. During a campaign study to further advance our knowledge on this legacy and its state conservation, heavily deteriorated codex (ALC.338) stood out due presence purple stains lower margins virtually all folios. In some them, accompanied by yellow brown patches as well. Also noticed was these spots white tawed...