Observations of raptor predation on lemurs are rare [reviewed in Goodman et al., 1993], but indirect evidence derived from raptor prey remains [Karpanty and Goodman, 1999; Thorstrom and La Marca, 2000], raptor pellets [Goodman et al., 1993], and vocal/behavioral responses to potential avian and terrestrial predators [Sauther, 1989; Karpanty and Grella, 2001; Schülke, 2001; Fichtel and Kappeler,...
