The stem and bulb nematode (Ditylenchus dipsaci) is a serious quarantine pest of vegetables spreading worldwide via seed and planting material. Currently, a hot water technique is used as the pre-seed treatment, which is difficult to execute and the risk of seed damage is high. The objectives of this study were to evaluate the (a) penetration of gaseous hydrogen cyanide (HCN) into garlic tissue...

Reproduction ofPratylenchus tho,'nei on carrot disk cultures at different time periods after inoculation, temperature, and initial inoculum density was studied. At 25 C and with an initial inoculum of 25 females per disk, the final nematode population increased with increasing time after inoculation, although the populations after 25 and 50 days were not different. Nematode numbers increased by...

Costs and benefits of foraging have been studied in predatory animals. In nematodes, ambushing or cruising behaviours represent adaptations that optimize foraging strategies for survival and host finding. A behaviour associated with host finding of ambushing nematode dauer juveniles is a sit-and-wait behaviour, otherwise known as nictation. Here, we test the function of nictation by relating oc...

The role of a dominant macrobenthic polychaete, Scolelepis squamata, in the colonisation of defaunated tropical sediments by sandy-beach nematodes was investigated and compared with a previous colonisation experiment carried out on a temperate sandy beach. Experimental cylinders, equipped with lateral windows allowing infaunal colonisation, were filled with defaunated sediment containing two tr...

Endoparasites associated with the small bromelicolous lizard Bogertia lutzae, a poorly studied phyllodactylid inhabitant of north-eastern Brazil, were studied. Fifty-seven specimens collected from the Atlantic Forest of Alagoas state were dissected. Only one species of parasite, the nematode Spauligodon oxkutzcabiensis, was found, with a prevalence of 22.8%. The intensity of infection was 2.62 ...

Effects of constant and fluctuating temperature on development and reproduction of Heterodera cajani were studied on pigeonpea cv. ICPL 87 in growth chambers at 10, 15, 20, 25, and 30 C and in a greenhouse fluctuating between 22.2 and 37.8 C. Nematode penetration was greatest (P = 0.001) in roots at 25 C; there was no penetration at 10 C. The basal threshold temperature for development was calc...

A new species of a cucullanid nematode is described, illustrated and compared with Cucullanus brevispiculus Moravec, Kohn & Fernandes, 1993 and C. rhamphichthydis Moravec, Kohn & Fernandes, 1997, two species previously reported as parasitizing freshwater fish in South America. The new species is characterized mainly by markedly short spicules, deirids and excretory pore situated posterior to th...

A swine infected with Trichinella spiralis is a source of transmission to human through consumption of raw or improperly cooked pork. Detection of larvae is suitable for carcasses, so that pigs in households or farms can be examined serologically for trichinellosis. This study compared antigens, crude (CAg), excretory-secretory (ESAg) and surface (SAg), for their potential use in IgG-ELISA. Ser...

The chemical composition of the essential oils from aerial parts of Pectis apodocephala and Pectis oligocephala were analyzed by GC-MS. The essential oils of these species were predominantly constituted by monoterpenes. Geranial (42.9– 44.5%), neral (32.2– 34.2%) and α-pinene (10.7– 11.4%) were the main constituents in the oil of P. apodocephala, while p-cymene (50.3– 70.9%) and thymol (24.4– 4...