Identifying factors influencing a species' ecological niche and demography is a prerequisite for species conservation. However, our understanding of the interplay between demographic rates and biotic/abiotic factors is still poor for most species of conservation concern. We evaluated relevance of eight hypotheses relating to timing of breeding, temporal nest exposure, nest concealment, topograp...

The theory of local homology modules was initiated by Matlis in 1974. It is a dual version of the theory of local cohomology modules. Mohammadi and Divaani-Aazar (2012) studied the connection between local homology and Gorenstein flat modules by using Gorenstein flat resolutions. In this paper, we introduce generalized local homology modules for complexes and we give several ways for computing ...

Many individual decisions are informed by direct comparison of the alternatives. In collective decisions, however, only certain group members may have the opportunity to compare options. Emigrating ant colonies (Temnothorax albipennis) show sophisticated nest-site choice, selecting superior sites even when they are nine times further away than the alternative. How do they do this? We used radio...

In unicolonial populations of ants, individuals can mix freely within large networks of nests that contain many queens. It has been proposed that the absence of aggression in unicolonial populations stems from a loss of nest mate recognition, but few studies have tested this hypothesis. We investigated patterns of aggression and nest mate recognition in the unicolonial wood ant, Formica paralug...

We establish results on NeST graphs (intersection tolerance graphs of neighborhood subtrees of a tree) and several subclasses. In particular, we show the equivalence of proper NeST graphs and unit NeST graphs, the equivalence of 5xed distance NeST graphs and threshold tolerance graphs, and the proper containment of NeST graphs in weakly chordal graphs. The latter two results answer questions of...

Nest predation can greatly affect reproductive success of waterfowl. We studied factors influencing duck-nest predation near Humboldt Bay in northern California by testing the prediction that measurements of nest concealment and nest location should differ between successful and depredated artificial nests. We ran a priori hypothesized logistic regression models to evaluate the effects of nest ...

Some nest predators visually assess parental activities to locate a prey nest, whereas parents modify fitness-related traits to reduce the probability of nest predation, and/or nestlings fledge early to escape the risky nest environment. Here, we experimentally tested if the parental and fledging behaviours of oriental tits (Parus minor) that bred in the nest-box varied with cavity conditions a...

‎highest weight modules of the double affine lie algebra $widehat{widehat{mathfrak{sl}}}_{2}$ are studied under a‎ ‎new triangular decomposition‎. ‎singular vectors of verma modules are‎ ‎determined using a similar condition with horizontal affine lie‎ ‎subalgebras‎, ‎and highest weight modules are described under the‎ ‎condition $c_1>0$ and $c_2=0$.

Nest-building behavior in 6 female and 6 male mice of IVCS strain, 20 to 30 weeks old, was studied over a period of 24 days. Weight and style of the nest were used as measures to assess the effects of pup exposure on nest-building. Data were collected between 13 : 00 and 14 : 00 of each day. Female mice with pup exposure showed significant increases in the nest weight and the percentage of good...

ABssAcr.-We identified habitat features that characterized successful and unsuccessful nest sites, nest sites vs. random sites, and differences among coexisting species of cavitynesting birds for 356 nests in central Arizona. Live and, more commonly, dead quaking aspens (Populus tremuloides) were used for 88% of all nest sites, but aspens constituted only 12% of all trees in random plots (n = 1...