In this paper we propose two new unfolding semantics for general Petri nets combining the concept of prime event structures with the idea of token flows developed in [11]. In contrast to the standard unfolding based on branching processes, one of the presented unfolding models avoids to represent isomorphic processes while the other additionally reduces the number of (possibly non-isomorphic) p...

We consider how the introduction of centralized netting in financial networks affects total netted exposures between counterparties. In some cases there is a trade-off: centralized netting increases the expectation of net exposures, but reduces the variance. We show that the set of networks for which expected net exposures decreases is a strict subset of those for which the variance decreases, ...

INTRODUCTION Inverse dynamics joint kinetics are often used to infer contributions from underlying groups of muscle-tendon units (MTUs). However, such interpretations are confounded by multiarticular (multi-joint) musculature, which can cause inverse dynamics to over- or under-estimate net MTU power. Misestimation of MTU power could lead to incorrect scientific conclusions, or to empirical esti...

Cognitive functions are sought in a homogeneous, randomly connected net of neuron-like elements. Information is assumed to be contained in the instantaneous states of the system, which specify the firing states (off or on) of each neuron in the net. The hypothesis of synaptic facilitation is assumed to be the basis of learning and memory. Owing to the high degree of damping no reverberations oc...

The norepinephrine transporter (NET) transports norepinephrine from the synapse into presynaptic neurons, where norepinephrine regulates signaling pathways associated with cardiovascular effects and behavioral traits via binding to various receptors (e.g., β2-adrenergic receptor). NET is a known target for a variety of prescription drugs, including antidepressants and psychostimulants, and may ...