Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) is one of the most rapidly evolving scientific domain, which is mainly due to the development of advanced small and low-cost sensor nodes with capability of sensing various types of physical and environmental conditions, data processing, and wireless communication. WSNs have many sensor nodes which have restricted battery power and these nodes have to transmit se...

The sensor nodes in a Wireless Sensor Network(WSN) are tiny devices operating on batteries and employing low-power radio transceivers to enable communication. Minimizing energy consumption has been a major objective at all levels in sensor networks. In this paper, we present, a data processing scheme that maintains the user-specified quality of data requirement while significantly reducing the ...

Minimization of energy consumption is a critical design requirement for most wireless sensor networks (WSNs) applications. WSNs are composed of small, energy constrained sensor nodes. The random deployment of sensor nodes in many applications requires unattended operation. The primary goal of WSNs is how to collect sensed information in energy efficient way since the energy is limited. The netw...

This paper addresses the problem of configuring wireless sensor networks (WSNs). Specifically, we seek answers to the following questions: how many sensors should be deployed, what is the optimal sensor placement, and which transmission structure should be employed. The design objective is utilization efficiency defined as network lifetime per unit deployment cost. We propose an optimal approac...

Underwater sensor networks (UWSN) are considered to be feasible and suitable for several applications. However, the characteristics of the acoustic channel must be taken into account on the evaluation of the application feasibility. The acoustic channel imposes severe limitations to the communication, such as low bandwidth, low data rates and short practical transmission ranges. Applications wi...

Ca(2+) plays a central role in the function of neurons as the trigger for neurotransmitter release, and many aspects of neuronal activity, from rapid modulation to changes in gene expression, are controlled by Ca(2+). These actions of Ca(2+) must be mediated by Ca(2+)-binding proteins, including calmodulin, which is involved in Ca(2+) regulation, not only in neurons, but in most other cell type...