Long-term memory is supported not only by modulation of synaptic strength, but also by modifications in intrinsic neuronal properties. Learning-induced enhancement of neuronal excitability has been shown in the hippocampus and the piriform cortex, where it lasts for days and is involved in maintaining the learned skills. The basolateral amygdala (BLA) is suggested to encode positive and negativ...

INTRODUCTION Increased lumbar cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) sodium has been reported during migraine. We used ultra-high field MRI to investigate cranial sodium in a rat migraine model, and simulated the effects of extracellular sodium on neuronal excitability. METHODS Behavioral changes in the nitroglycerin (NTG) rat migraine model were determined from von Frey hair withdrawal response and photo...

Use-dependent downregulation of neuronal activity (negative feedback) can act as a homeostatic mechanism to maintain neuronal activity at a particular specified value. Disruption of this negative feedback might lead to neurological pathologies, such as epilepsy, but the precise mechanisms by which this feedback can occur remain incompletely understood. At one glutamatergic synapse, the Drosophi...