BACKGROUND Numerous technological adjuncts are used during transsphenoidal surgery for nonfunctioning pituitary adenomas (NFPAs), including endoscopy, neuronavigation, intraoperative magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) diversion, and dural closure techniques. OBJECTIVE To generate evidence-based guidelines for the use of NFPA surgical techniques and technologies. MET...

BACKGROUND The dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) is a common target for repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) in major depression, but the conventional "5 cm rule" misses DLPFC in >1/3 cases. Another heuristic, BeamF3, locates the F3 EEG site from scalp measurements. MRI-guided neuronavigation is more onerous, but can target a specific DLPFC stereotaxic coordinate directly. T...

Brain shift, i. e. the change in configuration of the brain after opening the dura mater, is a key problem in neuronavigation. We present an approach to co-register intra-operative microscope images with preoperative MRI data to adapt and optimize intra-operative neuronavigation. The tools are a robust classification of sulci on MRI extracted cortical surfaces, guided user marking of most promi...

Localization of brain lesions and prevention of damage to vital structures are important in operation of brain pathologies. Despite development of many techniques including angiography, MRI, sonography, and frame base stereotaxy, a more accurate localizing technique is still needed (1, 2). A step forward to achieve this goal is to develop a navigation system. In this manuscript, we explained so...

Functional neuronavigation allows intraoperative visualization of cortical eloquent brain areas. Major white matter tracts, such as the pyramidal tract, can be delineated by diffusion-tensor-imaging based fiber tracking. These tractography data were integrated into 3-D datasets applied for neuronavigation by rigid registration of the diffusion images with standard anatomical image data so that ...

AIM Wearable technology interfaces with normal human movement and function, thereby enabling more efficient and adaptable use.We developed a wearable display system for use with intra-operative neuronavigation for brain tumor surgery. MATERIAL AND METHODS The Google glass head-up display system was adapted to surgical loupes with a video-streaming integrated hardware and software device for d...

OBJECTIVES Subcortical lesions in the sensorimotor strip are often considered to be inoperable. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the usefulness of a combined approach for surgery in this region, aided by a robotic neuronavigation system under electrophysiological control. METHODS In a prospective study on 10 patients, space occupying lesions in the sensorimotor central area were remo...

In this study, the problem of estimation of brain shift is addressed by which the accuracy of neuronavigation systems can be improved. To this end, the actual brain shift is considered as a Gaussian random vector with a known mean and an unknown covariance. Then, brain surface imaging is employed together with solutions of linear elastic model and the best estimation is found using constrained ...

LOCALITE is a frameless neuronavigation system that particularly addresses a problem with current interventional magnetic resonance imaging (iMRI) systems: non-interactive response time in the interactive scan mode and poor image quality with fast scanning se-

The initial attempts at intraoperative image guidance and imaging dates back to early 1980s. Since then Neuronavigation and intraoperative imaging technologies were developed in parallel. This works aims at summarizing the developments and giving an insider's view into the beginning stage of these technologies. The successes and obstacles encountered in the first few decades are relayed from th...