Microbial electrosynthesis (MES) has been highlighted as a means to valorize inorganic gaseous carbon, such CO2, into value-added chemicals using electricity the reducing power. Electrode-based electron transfer delivers respiratory electrons live-cell biocatalyst through biofilm matrix or via shuttle molecules. The addition of artificial mediators, neutral red (NR) and 2-hydroxy-1,4-naphthoqui...

BACKGROUND The human red nucleus (Nr) is comparatively less well-studied than that of cats or monkeys. Given the functional importance of reticular and midbrain structures in control of movement and locomotion as well as from an evolutionary perspective, we investigated the nature and extent of any differences in Nr projections to the olivary complex in quadrupedal and bipedal species. Using ne...

UNLABELLED Mineral Trioxide Aggregate (MTA) is a calcium silicate-based material. New sealers have been developed based on calcium silicate as MTA Fillapex and MTA Plus. OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to evaluate biocompatibility and bioactivity of these two calcium silicate-based sealers in culture of human dental pulp cells (hDPCs). MATERIAL AND METHODS The cells were isolated from t...

Nanomedicine has grown structurally complex in order to perform multiple tasks at a time. However, their unsatisfied reliability, uniformity and reproducibility account for the high rates of attrition translational research. So far, most studies have been one-sidedly focused on treatment efficacy inorganic nanoparticles as cancer therapeutics, but overlook elimination from body – key factor get...

Objective: Envenomation by heamotoxic snakes constituted a critical health occurrence in the world. Bleeding is the most sever consequence following snake bite with viperid and crothalid snakes. It is believed that the degradation of vascular membrane caused hemorrhage; in contrast, some suggested that direct cytotoxicity has role in endothelial cell disturbances. This study was to evaluate the...

Assessment of the cellular effects of natural and/or synthetic products is one of the major goals in biological experiments. This assessment may be conducted at different levels; cellular viability, cellular biological activity, and cellular structure and morphology. Different assays are available for any of above purposes. It is becoming of a routine exercise to apply any of these assays, and ...

When chick embryo neutral retina (NR) cells are cultured for long periods in vitro, they undergo extensive transdifferentiation into lens and express the lens protein, delta crystallin. We now demonstrate that this process is accompanied by a change in the chromatin conformation of the delta-gene locus from DNAase1-resistant to DNAase1-sensitive in the nuclei of most cells. Transcripts hybridis...

The neutral red uptake assay is a cell viability assay that allows in vitro quantification of xenobiotic-induced cytotoxicity. The assay relies on the ability of living cells to incorporate and bind neutral red, a weak cationic dye, in lysosomes. As such, cytotoxicity is expressed as a concentration-dependent reduction of the uptake of neutral red after exposure to the xenobiotic under investig...

1. Phenol red and neutral red are excreted by the perfused frog's kidney by different routes. 2. Phenol red is excreted chiefly through the glomerulus, neutral red through the tubules. 3. Some slight excretion of each of these dyes by the converse mechanism is possible, though there is no evidence in our experiments that necessitates such a conclusion. 4. The importance of methods leading to th...