Four instances of infection in man which are believed, because of the circumstances under which they occurred and in view of the results of neutralization tests, to represent cases of louping ill have been described. Evidence obtained by the neutralization tests is in favor of the idea that the antibodies against louping ill virus demonstrated in certain sera were most likely the result either ...

Flavivirus-infected cells secrete a structurally heterogeneous population of viruses because of an inefficient virion maturation process. Flaviviruses assemble as noninfectious, immature virions composed of trimers of envelope (E) and precursor membrane (prM) protein heterodimers. Cleavage of prM is a required process during virion maturation, although this often remains incomplete for infectio...

Specimens were obtained from the 3 Malagasy fruit bats, Pteropus rufus, Eidolon dupreanum, and Rousettus madagascariensis. Antibodies against Nipah, Hendra, and Tioman viruses were detected by immunoassay in 23 and by serum neutralization tests in 3 of 427 serum samples, which suggests that related viruses have circulated in Madagascar.

Equine antisera to human adenovirus types 1 to 33 were prepared and evaluated by hemagglutination-inhibition and serum neutralization tests. Detailed data on the potency and purity of the immunizing antigens were tabulated as one means of evaluating the antisera. Most of the 52 hemagglutination-inhibition and 25 serum neutralization major or minor heterotypic responses among the equine antisera...

EU Regulation 998/2003 requires the serological testing of rabies-vaccinated dogs and cats in approved laboratories using serum neutralization tests prior to movement of pet animals between certain EU member states and before pet animals are imported from unlisted third countries. Serum neutralisation tests are also used for measuring the efficacy of oral rabies vaccination programmes conducted...

The aim of the study was to neutralize zearalenone by lactic acid bacteria (LAB) such as Lactococcus lactis and Bifidobacterium sp. and investigate the mechanism of zearalenone (ZEA) binding. Neutralization of ZEA by LAB was confirmed by identification of binding kinetics and spectroscopic studies such as Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) and matrix-assisted laser desorption/ioniz...

background and aims: herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv1) remains a potentially serious health problem world wide. all infected people, including asymptomatic ones, are potential sources for virus transmission. virus envelope contains at least 13 glycoproteins, which glycoprotein d is the major target of immune responses. the aim of this study was development of a specific method that is a more r...

Environmental stimuli, such as organ-specific growth factors, can influence the metastatic potential of a tumor. The liver is the main source of insulin-like growth factors (IGFs). The importance of IGF signal in hepatic metastasis has been clarified mainly by IGF-I receptor targeting strategies. This study aims to confirm these precedent reports by novel tool, neutralizing antibodies against I...

Proinflammatory cytokines are major mediators in the pathogenesis of diseases of joints such as rheumatoid arthritis and osteoarthritis. This review emphasizes that proinflammatory cytokines such as tumor necrosis factor-alpha, interleukin-1 beta, interleukin-6 and interleukin-17 are also mediators of pain by directly acting on the nociceptive system. Proportions of nociceptive sensory neurons ...

The enterotoxins (ETs) of Clostridium perfringens isolated from enterotoxemic or diarrheic alpacas, pigs, calves, dogs, and horses were obtained from sporulated cell extracts. The ETs from alpaca, pig, and calf isolates were chromatographed on Sephadex G-lOO. Monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) against ETs derived from alpaca, pig, and calf C. perfringens isolates were produced. The MAbs were used...