Historically, king penguin populations on Macquarie Island have suffered greatly from human exploitation. Two large colonies on the island were drastically reduced to a single small colony as a result of harvesting for the blubber oil industry. However, recent conservation efforts have resulted in the king penguin population expanding in numbers and range to recolonize previous as well as new s...

In a survey conducted prior to the Queen’s passing, 51 percent of respondents affirmed that country “should not remain part monarchy in coming generations.” While 55 those surveyed supported continuing as constitutional so long Queen reigned, only 34 expressed same once Charles was become King. Time will tell whether this general apprehension about III continue, but given negative public standi...

Author details Department of Otolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. Radiation Oncology, Comprehensive Cancer Center, King Fahad Medical City, Riyadh 59046, Saudi Arabia. Endocrinology and thyroid Oncology, King Fahad Medical City, Riyadh 59046, Saudi Arabia. Radiation Oncology, NCI, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt. Histopathology, Kin...

Chess can be considered as a complex system of arithmetic constraints. There exist both geometric constraints (relationships of pieces on the board) and time constraints (number and order of moves within several variations) in chess. This paper describes a new search stragegy that uses arithmetic constraints to solve a special class of chess problems, so-called helpmates with a very small numbe...