This study investigated the impact of pleasant and unpleasant classical music on experimental pain, compared to silence and to an auditory attention task. Pain measurements were assessed with the nociceptive flexion reflex (NFR), pain ratings, and the cold pressor test on 20 healthy nonmusician participants in a within-participant design. Results indicated that, in comparison to silence and to ...

Building software systems from components instead of from scratch is a trend in software industry world. Software replaceability gains growing interest recently since the replaceable, standard components in the marketplace is claimed as one of the goals and benefits of components. Treating software components as fully replaceable units will help CBS (Component Based System) development and evol...

We tested the hypothesis that, in humans, hypohydration attenuates hyperthermic hyperpnea during exercise in the heat. On two separate occasions, thirteen male subjects performed a fluid replacement (FR) and a no-fluid replacement (NFR) trial in random order. The subjects performed two bouts of cycle exercise (Ex1 and Ex2, 30-60 min) at 50% peak oxygen uptake (Vo2 peak) in 35 degrees C separate...

PURPOSE The aims of this study were to investigate (1) the concurrent relationship between short-term and long-term stress reactivity measured by cortisol excretion and (2) the relationship of these physiological stress effects with self-reported stress and need for recovery after work (NFR). METHODS Participants were production workers in the meat-processing industry. Short-term cortisol exc...

UNLABELLED Existing evidence indicates that pain catastrophizing is associated with enhanced pain reports and lower pain threshold/tolerance levels, but is not significantly related to nociceptive flexion reflex (NFR) threshold in healthy and clinical pain samples. This suggests pain catastrophizing may modulate pain threshold at a supraspinal level without influencing descending modulation of ...

To meet growing food demand with limited land and reduced environmental impact, soil testing and formulated fertilization methods have been widely adopted around the world. However, conventional technology for investigating nitrogen fertilization rates (NFR) is time consuming and expensive. Here, we evaluated the use of visible near-infrared shortwave-infrared (VIS-NIR-SWIR: 400–2500 nm) spectr...

Recent observations of N2 fixation rates (NFR) and the presence of nitrogenase (nifH) genes from heterotrophic N2-fixing (diazotrophic) prokaryotes in unusual habitats challenge the paradigm that pelagic marine N2 fixation is constrained to cyanobacteria in warm, oligotrophic, surface waters. Here, we compare NFR and diazotrophic diversity (assessed via high-throughput nifH sequencing) from a r...

Software re-engineering consists of a set of activities intended to restructure a legacy system to a new target system that conforms with hard and soft quality constraints (or non-functional requirements, NFR). This paper presents a framework that allows specific NFR such as performance and maintainability to guide the re-engineering process. Such requirements for the migrant system are modeled...

The goal oriented requirements analysis approaches have been introduced to compare non-functional requirements (NFR), such as safety and security. Several approaches to manage goal attributes have also been proposed to evaluate NFR goals quantitatively. In this paper, the quantitative weighted softgoal is proposed based on the Softgoal Interdependency Graphs (SIG) that helps engineers evaluate ...