background: specific growth factors and feeder layers seem to have important roles in in vitro embryonic stem cells (escs) differentiation. in this study,the effects of bone morphogenetic protein 4 (bmp4) and mouse embryonic fibroblasts (mefs) co-culture system on germ cell differentiation from mouse escs were studied. materials and methods: cell suspension was prepared from one-day-old embryoi...

Mouse embryonic stem (ES) cells are pluripotent, as they have the ability to differentiate into the various cell types of a vertebrate embryo. Pluripotency is a property of the inner cell mass (ICM), from which mouse ES cells are derived, and of the epiblast of the blastocyst. Recent extensive molecular studies of mouse ES cells have revealed the unique molecular mechanisms that govern pluripot...

background: transplantation approaches are interventions currently available to apply to the devastating problem of spinal cord injury (sci). olfactory ensheathing cell (oec) and embryonic stem cell (esc) are considered to be promising therapeutic strategies . in this study, we compared the potential use of oecs and neurally pre-differentiated escs in contusion spinal cord. methods: oecs were h...

background: the selection of blastocyst warmed for transfer is based on pre-freeze morphology in vitrified-warmed single blastocyst transfer cycles. but, it is controversial which parameter of blastocyst morphology most closely related to the clinical outcomes. objective: to estimate the effect of blastocoele expansion, trophectoderm (te) morphology grade, and inner cell mass (icm) morphology g...

background: human embryonic stem cells (hesc), which are derived from the inner cell mass of the blastocysts, have been considered to be pluripotent cells. in this study we examine the differentiating potential of hesc into hepatocytes by characterization of the expression of endoderm and liver-specific genes. methods: hesc were cultivated in suspension to form aggregates, the embryoid bodies. ...

introduction: considering the importance of co-culture in differentiation of embryonic stem cells, the aim of this study was evaluation of the effect of co-culturing fetal liver stroma cells with p19 cells on the line of differentiation. materials and methods: for this purpose, p19 cells were cultured directly in semisolid medium. these cells proliferated and primarily differentiated to colonie...

backgrounds: a straight-forward way to identify whether a drug or environmental chemical can be harmful to unborn baby is to evaluate its effect on laboratory animals. all invivo methods need large number of animal and are therefore time consuming and expensive. however, the thousands of chemicals in need of testing, to reduce the spending of live animals, an assortment of in vitro assays has b...

background: p19 cells are mouse embryonic carcinoma cells which contain pluripotent ability, like stem cells, to differentiate into different cell lines. there are several properties for this cell line that make it a valuable cell model for study of developmental stages. methods: at the first step, pts2-egfp coding sequence which was cloned in pucd2.hygro vector was used for transfection in to ...