Solving planning problems via translation to propositional satisfiability (SAT) is one of the most successful approaches to automated planning. An important aspect of this approach is the encoding, i.e., the construction of a propositional formula from a given planning problem instance. Numerous encoding schemes have been proposed in the recent years each aiming to outperform the previous encod...

this study was conducted to define the prevalence and types of corneal astigmatism in relation with corneal optical power, axial length, sex and patient age. 641 cataract patients were included in a descriptive study. complete eye examinations were included in a descriptive study. complete eye examinations were performed. the data were analysed by standard procedures including analysis of varia...

(1) Mammographic data set consists of the following. 960 objects, 6 attributes: 1. assessment 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 2. age 10,20,30,40,50,60,70,80,90,100 3. shape round=1 oval=2 lobular=3 irregular=4 4. margin circumscribed=1 microlobulated=2 obscured=3 ill-defined=4 spiculated=5 5. density high=1 iso=2 low=3 fat-containing=4 6. severity benign=0 or malignant=1 1 decision attribute: Severity benign=0 o...

We consider the learning task consisting in predicting as well as the best function in a finite reference set G up to the smallest possible additive term. If R(g) denotes the generalization error of a prediction function g, under reasonable assumptions on the loss function (typically satisfied by the least square loss when the output is bounded), it is known that the progressive mixture rule ĝ ...

The liability rule traditionally used in accident law when both the injurer’s and the victim’s behaviour affect the likelihood of an accident occurring is the rule of contributory negligence. Under it, the injurer is liable for the full amount of the victim’s damage only if the injurer’s behavior is negligent and the victim’s behavior is non-negligent. If both parties are negligent, only the vi...

To date the term “Fatigue Damage” has had an ambiguous usage in fatigue community. This paper explains reason for poor predictive results of existing damage rules, such as Miner’s rule, through precise observation small crack growth during multiple step loadings. For exact evaluation it is crucially important to attend phenomenon continuous decrease limit with until final failure. It stress amp...

it is generally accepted that no one is allowed to abuse his legal rights accorded by a country for evasion from some limitations provided by the same country and several laws and verdicts have considered and confirmed this requirement as a rule. nevertheless there is neither common sense about neither the conditions under which such a rule may be applied nor the reactions to be taken against s...

justice rule is among the legal rules that have less dealt with. application of this rule is based on achievement of justice as an attribute for legal rulings. some jurists have no regarded human beings to be capable of comprehending the legal rulings as just and have subjected it to the legislator’s view. thus, using this rule in inference of legal issues and extending it to jurisprudence has ...

contrary to majority of islamic jurists, those who believe in singularity of reality and a certain rule in disagreement cases, in opinion of some of the scholars, the truth and the rule is plural and all of the jurist(modjtahedin) are just. imam mohammad ghazzali is one of these scholars. in his opinion, the theory of proscription (takteah) is incorrect and contradictory. with the exception of ...