Animals exposed to anthropogenic disturbance make trade-offs between perceived risk and the cost of leaving disturbed areas. Impact assessments tend to focus on overt behavioural responses leading to displacement, but trade-offs may also impact individual energy budgets through reduced foraging performance. Previous studies found no evidence for broad-scale displacement of harbour porpoises exp...

The portable generators are the main means of compensating the shortage of national electricity power as in Iraq. However, their noise causes a huge disturbance, uncomforting and loss of concentration of the nearby resident. This problem requires a solution because most shops and residential houses use generators. Covering method is a simple and relatively low cost one for reduction of generato...

BACKGROUND The effect of anthropogenic noise on terrestrial wildlife is a relatively new area of study with broad ranging management implications. Noise has been identified as a disturbance that has the potential to induce behavioral responses in animals similar to those associated with predation risk. This study investigated potential impacts of a variety of human activities and their associat...

Permanent-Magnet Synchronous Motor has shown advanced performance in the industry, but its smooth operation is affected by torque ripple. The conventional Linear Active Disturbance Rejection Controller (LADRC) a strong anti-interference ability. However, this usually makes it more sensitive to measurement noise, reducing steady-state accuracy. This study proposes an Enhanced LADRC controller ob...

In this paper we experimentally investigate the feasibility of using a hybrid fixed-gain/adaptive control architecture for simultaneous rejection of broadband and sinusoidal disturbances. The motivation for this study comes from active noise control (ANC) applications in which the disturbance has both broadband and sinusoidal components, for example, wind noise and engine noise in an aircraft c...

In the 1980s/90s, a number of socio-acoustic surveys and laboratory studies on railway noise effects have observed less reported disturbance/interference with sleep at the same exposure level compared with other modes of transportation. This lower grade of disturbance has received the label "railway bonus", was implemented in noise legislation in a number of European countries and was applied i...

The effect of noise on self-similar set is studied. The iteratie procedure used to generate the self-similar set is moidified by adding a stochastic variable to the diameter of generating sets at each iteration. The noise may causes the generating set to collapse to a point. Distribution functions are found describing the probability that any generating set collapse. The effect of chaotic distu...

BACKGROUND Particularly in Asia, dense, traffic-intense, and usually high-rise cities are increasingly the norm. Is existing knowledge on exposure to road traffic noise, and on people's response to such exposure, garnered primarily from western cities, equally applicable in these? METHODS Hong Kong has high population and traffic density and a high-rise building form. Road traffic noise expos...

INTRODUCTION Tramway has become a serious urban noise source in densely populated areas. The disturbance from squealing noise is significant. Curve squeal is the very loud, tonal noise emitted by tram operation in tight radius curves. Studies had reported a relationship between noise levels and health effects, such as annoyance, sleep disturbance, and elevated systolic and diastolic blood press...

This paper presents a state estimation algorithm of a single variable nonlinear system to which the stochastic approximation is applied. First, under a weaker condition than any previous one, it is shown that the estimation error by this algorithm converges to zero in the mean square for a disturbance free message process. Further, it is clarified that, under a still weaker condition, the estim...