Signal integrity has become a critical issue in the design of high-performance circuits. Noise on a net arises both through propagation of noise from previous stages through the driver gate of the net and through injection of new noise through coupling capacitance with neighboring nets. Typically, propagated noise and injected noise are added linearly to simplify the analysis and increase its e...

Single-cell studies often show significant phenotypic variability due to the stochastic nature of intra-cellular biochemical reactions. When the numbers of molecules, e.g., transcription factors and regulatory enzymes, are in low abundance, fluctuations in biochemical activities become significant and such "noise" can propagate through regulatory cascades in terms of biochemical reaction networ...

Functionally similar pathways are often seen in biological systems, forming feed-forward controls. The robustness in network motifs such as feed-forward loops (FFLs) has been reported previously. In this work, we studied noise propagation in a development network that has multiple interlinked FFLs. A FFL has the potential of asymmetric noise-filtering (i.e., it works at either the "ON" or the "...

The signal measured with a curvature sensor is analyzed. At the outset, we derive the required minimum number of sensing elements at the pupil edges, depending on the total number of sensing elements. The distribution of the sensor signal is further characterized in terms of its mean, variance, kurtosis, and skewness. It is established that while the approximation in terms of a Gaussian distrib...

A modified fully-digital PN code tracking loop is proposed for direct-sequence spread-spectrum communication. By taking advantage of the inherent diversity, a modified code tracking loop is embedded into a RAKE receiver to avoid problems caused by unstable locked points of error signals. Such unsteadiness of locked points often occurs with a conventional code tracking loop because the error sig...

Abstract— Wideband communications are impossible with signals that are spread over a very large band and are transmitted over multipath channels unknown ahead of time. This work exploits the I-mmse connection to bound the achievable datarate of spreading signals in wideband settings, and to conclude that the achievable data-rate diminishes as the bandwidth increases due to channel uncertainty. ...

We show two universal, Boolean, deterministic logic schemes based on binary noise timefunctions that can be realized without time-averaging units. The first scheme is based on a new bipolar random telegraph wave scheme and the second one makes use of the recent noise-based logic which is conjectured to be the brain’s method of logic operations [Physics Letters A 373 (2009) 2338-2342]. Error pro...