In biomechanics, musculoskeletal models are typically redundant. This situation is referred to as the distribution problem. Often, static, non-linear optimisation methods of the form "min: phi(f) subject to mechanical and muscular constraints" have been used to extract a unique set of muscle forces. Here, we present a method for validating this class of non-linear optimisation approaches where ...

While the non-homogeneous boundary value problem for elliptic, hyperbolic and parabolic equations is relatively well understood, there are still few results for general dispersive equations. We define here a convenient class of equations comprising the Schrödinger equation, the Airy equation and linear ‘Boussinesq type’ systems, which is in some sense a generalization of strictly hyperbolic equ...

In this article, we study the initial value problem of a class of nonhomogeneous generalized linear discrete time systems whose coefficients are square constant matrices. By using matrix pencil theory we obtain formulas for the solutions and we give necessary and sufficient conditions for existence and uniqueness of solutions. Moreover, we provide some numerical examples.

The state space form is a useful framework for estimating Markovian term-structure models with unobserved state variables. In this paper, we consider an econometric method which accommodates non-linearity in the measurement equation, for example when estimating exponential-a ne models using prices of coupon bonds. The ltering algorithm is known as the iterative, extended Kalman lter (IEKF), and...

Motivated by recent best case analyses for some sorting algorithms and based on the type of complexity we partition the algorithms into two classes: homogeneous and non-homogeneous algorithms.1 Although both classes contain algorithms with worst and best cases, homogeneous algorithms behave uniformly on all instances. This partition clarifies in a completely mathematical way the previously ment...