The selectivity for Ca(2+) over Na(+), PCa/PNa, is higher in cGMP-gated (CNG) ion channels of retinal cone photoreceptors than in those of rods. To ascertain the physiological significance of this fact, we determined the fraction of the cyclic nucleotide-gated current specifically carried by Ca(2+) in intact rods and cones. We activated CNG channels by suddenly (<5 ms) increasing free 8Br-cGMP ...

The semaphorin/collapsin gene family encodes secreted and transmembrane proteins several of which can repulse growth cones. Although the in vitro activity of Semaphorin III/D/Collapsin 1 is clear, recent analyses of two different strains of semaphorin III/D/collapsin 1 knockout mice have generated conflicting findings. In order to clarify the in vivo action of this molecule, we analyzed sema Z1...

Studies of embodied perception have revealed that social, psychological, and physiological factors influence space perception. While many of these influences were observed with real or highly realistic stimuli, the present work showed that even the orientation of abstract geometric objects in a non-realistic virtual environment could influence distance perception. Observers wore a head mounted ...

We construct complex projective schemes with Lyubeznik numbers of their cones depending on the choices embeddings. This answers a question G. in characteristic 0 case. It contrasts theorem W. Zhang positive case where Frobenius endomorphism is used. Reducibility essential our argument. B. Wang recently constructed examples irreducible (which are not normal) from reducible ones. So still open no...

The lectin peanut agglutinin (PNA) and antibodies to short (S)- and medium to long wavelength (M/L)-sensitive cones were utilized in order to define the relative distributions of the two spectral types of cone across the domestic cat's retina. These values, in turn, were compared to those from retinas that had been experimentally detached from the retinal pigment epithelium. The pattern of cone...

in this paper, we derive rst some results on the shannon entropyin order statistics and their concomitants arising from a sequence of f(xi; yi): i = 1; 2; :::g independent and identically distributed (iid) random variablesfrom the bivariate normal distribution and extend our results to a collectionc(x; y ) = f(xr1:n; y[r1:n]); (xr2:n; y[r2:n]); :::; (xrk:n; y[rk:n])g of order sta-tistics and t...

PURPOSE Normal function of the retina relies on the orderly stereotyped organization of different neurons and their synaptic connections. How such neural organization is patterned during development remains poorly understood due to the paucity of adequate developmental markers. This study was to examine the spatial organization and development of cone photoreceptors quantitatively in the mouse ...

The theory of imprecise Markov chains has achieved significant progress in recent years. Its applicability, however, is still very much limited, due large part to the lack efficient computational methods for calculating higher dimensional models. high complexity shows itself especially calculation version Kolmogorov backward equation.The goal this chapter provide a new, more approach solving eq...