Epstein-Barr (EBV) infection and presence of a nasopharyngeal cancer (NPC) case in the family increases the risk of developing NPC. Aberrant anti-EBV immunoglobulin A (IgA) antibodies (EBV-IgA) may be present in the sera of non-cancer individuals and predict NPC. Limited studies report the presence of EBV-IgA antibodies within non-cancer individuals in Indonesia where the disease is prevalent. ...

Incidence rates of nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) are much higher among Chinese than they are among most other racial/ethnic groups around the world. With respect to NPC, results from survival studies are mixed, as some studies have and others have not found differences by race/ethnicity. Using Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) Program data, the authors used a multivariate Cox ...

The non-keratinizing undifferentiated subtype of nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) is a malignancy characterized by an intimate relationship between neoplastic cells and a non-neoplastic lymphoid component. Tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) foster tumor progression through production of soluble mediators that support proliferation, angiogenesis, survival and invasion of malignant cells. However,...

Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) is a head and neck malignant tumor rare throughout most of the world but common in Southeast Asia, especially in Southern China. The phosphorylation of eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4E (eIF4E) by MAP kinase-interacting kinases (Mnk) on Ser-209 promotes cellular proliferation, survival, malignant transformation and metastasis. However, whether the altera...

Let [Formula: see text] be a graph manifold containing single JSJ torus and whose blocks are of the form text], where is compact orientable surface with boundary. We show that if does not admit Riemannian metric everywhere nonpositive sectional curvature, then there an essential curve on such any finite-dimensional linear representation maps element representing to matrix all eigenvalues roots ...

In response to public concern over abuses in human medical experimentation, the dominant approach to the ethics of clinical research during the past 30 years has been regulation, particularly via institutional review board review and approval of scientific protocols and written consent forms. However, the effectiveness of regulatory mechanisms in ensuring the ethical conduct of clinical researc...

First of all, in this paper, the topology and operation of the three-phase three-level Z-source inverter based on neutral-point-clamped (Z-NPC) are studied. Moreover, different combinations of permissible switching states and control signals are explained for this inverter. In this paper, the topology of the three-phase three-level Z-NPC inverter is extended for an n-level state. Also, a combin...

The outbreak of HIV in the early 1980s saw widespread activism among patients and community supporters. The author, a young physician in San Francisco at the time, describes how coming of age as a clinician in the midst of this activism affected her concept of the patient-physician relationship. The insistence of a particular patient, Robert, on specifying his treatment goals illustrates that e...

UNLABELLED Several studies have been published concerning Epstein-barr virus (EBV) infection and nasopharyngeal cancer (NPC) development. The incidences of histological types are different according to endemic or non-endemic regions. Latent EBV infection is found in almost all cases of NPC in endemic regions, but normally absent in type I carcinomas, more common in non-endemic regions. AIM Th...

AIM The study was performed to assess the potential role of GSTM1, GSTT1 and GSTP1 polymorphisms in the risk of nasopharyngeal cancer in Chinese population. METHOD We collected 182 cases undergoing pathologic examination and 366 controls from the affiliated hospital of Medical College of Qingdao University from April 2006 to July 2010. Genotyping was based upon duplex polymerase-chain-reactio...