In clinical trials comparing treatments for superficial bladder cancer, patients are at risk of repeated recurrences of their disease. Statistical methods of analyzing such data are required. This article presents a nonparametric approach. A statistical test to compare the recurrence or tumor rates in two treatment groups, using the randomization distribution, is described. Confidence intervals...

Adverse events are generally tabulated and listed in statistical reports in randomized clinical trials. This paper introduces how to apply statistical methods to assess adverse events using SAS. In addition to the crude percentage (rate), adverse events are also adjusted by exposure time or multiple repeat. The paper also introduces the commonly used chi-square test and Fisher‟s exact test, and...